Goda un cieņas krimināltiesiskā aizsardzība Latvijā un citās Eiropas Savienības dalībvalstīs
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Abstract
Goda un cieņas krimināltiesiskā aizsardzība Latvijā ir ļoti aktuāls jautājums, jo
drīzumā stāsies spēkā grozījumi Krimināllikumā, ar kuriem goda un cieņas
krimināltiesiskā aizsardzība tiks nopietni ierobežota. Likumprojekta izstrādātāji
grozījumus pamatoja ar Krimināllikuma un Civillikuma normu dublēšanos. Darba
mērķis ir izpētīt nepieciešamību pēc goda un cieņas krimināltiesiskās aizsardzības.
Lai panāktu mērķi, darbā tika pētīti nacionālie un starptautiskie normatīvie akti, kā arī
citu Eiropas Savienības dalībvalstu pieredze.
Izanalizējot nacionālos normatīvos aktus, autors secināja, ka goda un cieņas
krimināltiesiskā un civiltiesiskā aizsardzība būtiski atšķiras un Civillikuma un
Krimināllikuma normas nekādā gadījumā nedublējas. Arī starptautiskie normatīvie
akti nozīmīgu vietu ierāda goda un cieņas aizsardzībai, tomēr negarantē individuālu
tiesību aizsardzību, tādēļ ir ļoti svarīgi, lai nacionālā līmenī cilvēkam ir pieejami
pietiekami tiesiskās aizsardzības mehānismi.
Goda un cieņas aizsardzības dekriminalizācija bieži tiek pamatota ar Eiropas
Cilvēktiesību tiesas spriedumiem un citu valstu pieredzi, tomēr šis arguments neiztur
kritiku, jo Eiropas Cilvēktiesību tiesa nekad nav lēmusi, ka goda un cieņas
krimināltiesiskā aizsardzība nav pieļaujama. Citu Eiropas Savienības dalībvalstu
krimināllikumu analīze liecina, ka gandrīz visās Eiropas Savienības dalībvalstīs gods
un cieņa tiek aizsargāti krimināllikumos. Autors secina, ka goda un cieņas
aizsardzības dekriminalizācija ir nepamatota un pārsteidzīga.
Criminal protection of honour and dignity is a very actual issue in Latvia, because soon amendments of the Criminal law will enter into force and as a result of these amendments, criminal protection of honour and dignity will be significantly limited. The authors of the draft law argued that the norms of the Criminal law and Civil Law overlap. The objective of the present work is to find out whether it is necessary to protect honour and dignity in a criminal law. In order to reach this objective, author of this work analysed relevant national and international law, as well as experience of other EU Member States. After analysis of the national law the author concluded that criminal and civil protection of honour and dignity differs significantly, therefore there is no overlap between Criminal law and Civil law. Also the international law provides a significant role for protection of honour and dignity. At the same, international law does not guarantee protection of individual rights; therefore it is very important to have national legal remedies. Often decriminalization of protection of honour and dignity is justified by the rulings of European Court of Human Rights and experience of other countries. This argument is not justified because European Court of Human Rights has never ruled that criminal protection of honour and dignity is not acceptable. The analysis of the criminal laws of other EU Member States reveals that in almost all EU Member States honour and dignity is protected in criminal law. The author concludes that decriminalization of protection of honour and dignity is premature and unjustified.
Criminal protection of honour and dignity is a very actual issue in Latvia, because soon amendments of the Criminal law will enter into force and as a result of these amendments, criminal protection of honour and dignity will be significantly limited. The authors of the draft law argued that the norms of the Criminal law and Civil Law overlap. The objective of the present work is to find out whether it is necessary to protect honour and dignity in a criminal law. In order to reach this objective, author of this work analysed relevant national and international law, as well as experience of other EU Member States. After analysis of the national law the author concluded that criminal and civil protection of honour and dignity differs significantly, therefore there is no overlap between Criminal law and Civil law. Also the international law provides a significant role for protection of honour and dignity. At the same, international law does not guarantee protection of individual rights; therefore it is very important to have national legal remedies. Often decriminalization of protection of honour and dignity is justified by the rulings of European Court of Human Rights and experience of other countries. This argument is not justified because European Court of Human Rights has never ruled that criminal protection of honour and dignity is not acceptable. The analysis of the criminal laws of other EU Member States reveals that in almost all EU Member States honour and dignity is protected in criminal law. The author concludes that decriminalization of protection of honour and dignity is premature and unjustified.