Ievads attēlojuma topoloģiskās pakāpes teorijā
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Abstract
Maģistra darbs ir paredzēts kā ievads attēlojuma topoloģiskās pakāpes teorijā.
Tas ir uzrakstīts tādā veidā, lai palīdzētu lasītājam attīstīt ģeometrisko
intuīciju un vieglāk apgūt teorijas saturu. Šīm nolūkam viena nodaļa ir veltīta,
lai izskaidrotu homotopiju teorijas pamatus, bet otra − lai iepazītos ar diferenciālu
formu pamatjēdzieniem. Pēc tam, kad attiecīgais matemātiskais aparāts
ir attīstīts līdz zināmam līmenim, tas tiek lietots, lai pierādītu dažus klasiskus
rezultātus, piemēram, algebras pamatteorēmu un Bola-Brauera teorēmu.
Atslēgas vārdi: attēlojuma topoloģiskā pakāpe, homotopija, Bola-Brauera
teorēma, diferenciāla forma.
This work is meant to serve as an introduction to the topological degree theory. It is written in such a way so as to help the reader to develop geometric intuitions gradually until the essence of the theory becomes clear. For that reason we dedicate one chapter to explaining the fundamentals of the homotopy theory and another - to the basics of the theory of differential forms. Once developed, the apparatus of the theory is used to prove some classic results such as the fundamental theorem of algebra and the Bohl-Brouwer fixed-point theorem. Keywords: topological degree, mapping degree, homotopy, Bohl-Brouwer fixed-point theorem, differential form
This work is meant to serve as an introduction to the topological degree theory. It is written in such a way so as to help the reader to develop geometric intuitions gradually until the essence of the theory becomes clear. For that reason we dedicate one chapter to explaining the fundamentals of the homotopy theory and another - to the basics of the theory of differential forms. Once developed, the apparatus of the theory is used to prove some classic results such as the fundamental theorem of algebra and the Bohl-Brouwer fixed-point theorem. Keywords: topological degree, mapping degree, homotopy, Bohl-Brouwer fixed-point theorem, differential form