Arodbiedrības loma sociālajā partnerībā publiskās pārvaldes lēmumu pieņemšanā
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Latvijas Universitāte
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lav
Abstract
Pētījuma pamats ir Eiropas Savienības arodbiedrību koncepts sociālajā dialogā
un sociālā partnerība publiskās pārvaldes lēmumu pieņemšanas procesā. Sociālais
dialogs ir salīdzinoši jauns jēdziens, kas tikai pēdējās desmitgadēs ir ieguvis nozīmīgu
vietu publiskajās debatēs starptautiskā līmenī. Tas ir balstīts uz Starptautiskās darba
organizācijas (turpmāk – SDO, angļu valodā – International Labour Organization)
konstitūciju un darbību, aptverot tādas jomas, kā darba tiesības, nodarbinātība un
sociālā aizsardzība. Izmantojot šo trīspusējo struktūru, SDO pasaulē īsteno unikālu
pieeju sociālā dialoga ieviešanā. Sociālā drošība un sociālais dialogs ir arī Eiropas
sociālās politikas pamatelementi, tādējādi norises ES var kalpot arī nacionālo līmeņu,
tajā skaitā Latvijas, sociālā dialoga un sociālās partnerības galveno tendenču attīstības
analīzei. Šis pētījums iezīmē sociālā dialoga jēdzienu kā galveno elementu darba
attiecībās ar uzsvaru tieši uz darba attiecībām publiskajā sektorā. Autors ir izstrādājis
pieeju darba attiecībām un sociālajam dialogam, ņemot vērā salīdzinošo pieeju
definīcijas, ko noteikušas starptautiskās institūcijas, piemēram, SDO un Ekonomiskās
sadarbības un attīstības organizācija (angļu valodā – Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development, OECD), kā arī dažādas iestādes ES un Latvijā. Autors
atsaucies arī uz vairākiem pētījumiem, ko veikuši zinātnieki ar nozīmīgiem
ieguldījumiem šajā pētniecības jomā. Īpaša uzmanība pievērsta arodbiedrībām kā
sociālajam partnerim lēmumu pieņemšanas procesā ES līmenī, kur sociālā partnerība
ir daļa no ES sociālās dimensijas un ir ievērojami attīstījusies salīdzinājumā ar valstīm
citur pasaulē. Pašreizējās diskusijas ES līmenī ir vērstas uz tādiem modeļiem, kā,
piemēram, Eiropas sociālā savienība, kas var papildināt Eiropas Ekonomikas un
monetāro savienību, un diskusijas par Eiropas politisko savienību. Šis pētījums arī
iezīmējis sociālā dialoga konceptu kā galveno elementu darba attiecībās ar uzsvaru uz
darba attiecībām īpaši publiskajā sektorā. Arodbiedrību loma sarunās ar sociālajiem
partneriem un sociālā dialoga koncepcija varētu būt ļoti nozīmīga diskusijās par
Eiropas sociālo savienību. Šajā pētījumā tiek apspriesti un salīdzināti dažādu
arodbiedrību modeļi, un jo īpaši tiek analizēts mūsdienu Latvijas arodbiedrību
modelis. Tiek analizēta arodbiedrību kā sociālā partnera loma lēmumu pieņemšanas
procesā – galvenokārt attiecībā uz valsts sektoru. Darbā tiek iztirzāta Latvijai aktuālā
Latvijas Brīvo arodbiedrību savienības darbība un tās attīstība, īpaši attiecībā uz
lēmumu pieņemšanas procesu, kas saistīts ar valsts pārvaldes vadību.
Nobeigumā, balstoties uz intervijām un anketēšanu, analizējot ekspertu
viedokļus, kā arī apkopojot un analizējot arodbiedrību biedru viedokļus un pārējo
iedzīvotāju viedokļus, tiek analizēta arodbiedrību loma perspektīvā ES un Latvijā un
izvērtēta arodbiedrību nozīme lēmumu pieņemšanā publiskajā pārvaldē. Pamatojoties
uz galvenajiem atklājumiem, pētījuma rezultātā apkopoti secinājumi un izstrādāti
priekšlikumi arodbiedrību darbībai publiskās pārvaldes lēmumu pieņemšanā.
Atslēgvārdi: arodbiedrības, likumdošana, sociālais dialogs, sociālā partnerība.
The framework of the study is the EU conce0pt of trade unions in social dialogue and social partnership in the public sector. Social dialogue is a relatively new concept. It has gained significant importance in public debates internationally only in the last decades and is grounded in the constitution and activities of ILO covering rights at work, employment and social protection. Through its tripartite structure, the ILO has unique access to the world in relation to the Social dialogue implementation. Social dialogue and social security also became fundamental elements in the European Social policy, thus the EU could serve as an example of analysis of main trends in the development of Social dialog and Social partnership at the EU and national levels. The subject of current discussion at the EU level is focused on such models as, for example, European Social Union, which would complement the European Economic Union and a European Political Union. This study outlines the concept of the Social dialogue as a core element of the industrial relations with a focus on industrial relations specifically in the public sector. The concept of Social dialogue and the role of trade unions in negotiations with social partners could contribute to the discussion about European Social Union. The author has elaborated the approach to industrial relations and Social dialogue taking into account comparative approach to definitions provided by the international institutions such as ILO and OECD as well as institutions in the EU and Latvia. The author also refers to a number of studies by scholars that made contributions to this area of research. Special attention is given to trade unions as a social partner in decision – making process at the EU level, where social partnership as a part of the EU social dimension and is significantly developed compare to the other parts of the world. In this study different trade unions’ models are discussed and compared. In particular, a model of trade unions’ in nowadays Latvia is analysed. The role of trade unions as a social partner in decision -making process related mainly to the public sector is illustrated.. The author applies a “model-based” approach by using the example of Latvia where a number of anti-crisis measures have been undertaken. Latvia could serve as an example of one of the peripheral EU Member States and also a ‘programme’ country that benefited from EU and IMF assistance, but experienced challenges in effectiveness of social dialogue and performance of trade unions. The paper discusses the current developments related to the position of Latvian Free Trade Union Federation in the system of decision-making process related to the public administration management. Finally the prospective role of trade unions in the EU and in Latvia is analysed and possible revitalisation of trade union is discussed. The author suggests to deeper the role of trade unions in implementation of the flexicurity principles as well as in the implementation of the European Citizen’s Initiative. On the basis of the main findings, the study provides conclusions and suggestions for trade union actions. Keywords: trade unions, legislation, social dialogue, and social partnership.
The framework of the study is the EU conce0pt of trade unions in social dialogue and social partnership in the public sector. Social dialogue is a relatively new concept. It has gained significant importance in public debates internationally only in the last decades and is grounded in the constitution and activities of ILO covering rights at work, employment and social protection. Through its tripartite structure, the ILO has unique access to the world in relation to the Social dialogue implementation. Social dialogue and social security also became fundamental elements in the European Social policy, thus the EU could serve as an example of analysis of main trends in the development of Social dialog and Social partnership at the EU and national levels. The subject of current discussion at the EU level is focused on such models as, for example, European Social Union, which would complement the European Economic Union and a European Political Union. This study outlines the concept of the Social dialogue as a core element of the industrial relations with a focus on industrial relations specifically in the public sector. The concept of Social dialogue and the role of trade unions in negotiations with social partners could contribute to the discussion about European Social Union. The author has elaborated the approach to industrial relations and Social dialogue taking into account comparative approach to definitions provided by the international institutions such as ILO and OECD as well as institutions in the EU and Latvia. The author also refers to a number of studies by scholars that made contributions to this area of research. Special attention is given to trade unions as a social partner in decision – making process at the EU level, where social partnership as a part of the EU social dimension and is significantly developed compare to the other parts of the world. In this study different trade unions’ models are discussed and compared. In particular, a model of trade unions’ in nowadays Latvia is analysed. The role of trade unions as a social partner in decision -making process related mainly to the public sector is illustrated.. The author applies a “model-based” approach by using the example of Latvia where a number of anti-crisis measures have been undertaken. Latvia could serve as an example of one of the peripheral EU Member States and also a ‘programme’ country that benefited from EU and IMF assistance, but experienced challenges in effectiveness of social dialogue and performance of trade unions. The paper discusses the current developments related to the position of Latvian Free Trade Union Federation in the system of decision-making process related to the public administration management. Finally the prospective role of trade unions in the EU and in Latvia is analysed and possible revitalisation of trade union is discussed. The author suggests to deeper the role of trade unions in implementation of the flexicurity principles as well as in the implementation of the European Citizen’s Initiative. On the basis of the main findings, the study provides conclusions and suggestions for trade union actions. Keywords: trade unions, legislation, social dialogue, and social partnership.