Noziedzīgi nodarījumi automatizētā datu apstrādes sistēmā
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Abstract
Darbā tiek pētīts noziedzīgu nodarījumu automatizētā datu apstrādes sistēmā
tiesiskais regulējums. Pirmajā daļā tiek analizēts starptautiskais regulējums, pētot tā
attīstību laika gaitā. Regulējums ir veidojies nesenā pagātnē, taču, ņemot vērā šīs jomas
noziedzīgo nodarījumu straujo pieaugumu, tam tiek pievērsta liela nozīme visā pasaulē.
Apzinoties to, ka cīnīties pret šiem noziedzīgajiem nodarījumiem var tikai starptautiski
sadarbojoties, tiek slēgti dažādi starptautiski līgumi. Svarīgākais starptautiskais līgums, kas
tiek plaši analizēts darbā, ir Eiropas Padomes Kibernoziegumu konvencija.
Lai labāk izprastu un analizētu Latvijas nacionālo regulējumu, darbā tiek pētīta
Polijas pieredze, vērtējot, kā šī valsts savos normatīvajos aktos ir implementējusi
starptautiskās Kibernoziegumu konvencijā ietvertās prasības, kā arī cik veiksmīgi norit cīņa
ar noziedzīgajiem nodarījumiem. Tiek izdarīts secinājums, ka, lai arī normatīvais
regulējums ir labi izveidots, tomēr ir vērojamas praktiskas problēmas ar vainīgo personu
saukšanu pie atbildības.
Darba otrajā daļā tiek analizēts nacionālais regulējums, ņemot vērā starptautiskās
prasības un Polijas pieredzi. Krimināllikumā ir tikušas mainītas normas, lai ievērotu
Konvencijas prasības, tomēr darba autore saskata vairākas neatbilstības, kuras var izraisīt
būtiskas kvalifikācijas problēmas. Ļoti nozīmīga neatbilstība ir materiālā sastāva
paredzēšana normām, kurām Konvencija to vai nu neparedz, vai nepieprasa kā obligātu.
Tas nozīmē, ka vainīgo personu saukšana pie atbildības tiek vēl vairāk sarežģīta, ņemot
vērā, ka apsūdzībā ir jāpierāda pantā noteikto seku iestāšanās, kā arī cēloņsakarības
esamība starp nodarījumu un sekām.
This paper explores the legal regulation of criminal offences in the automatic data processing system. There is analyzed international regulation in the first chapter, investigating its development in the course of time. Regulation has formed during the recent past, however, taking into account the increase in the number of offences committed in this field, it draws a lot of attention all over the world. Recognizing that only if there is strong international cooperation it is possible to cope with cybercrimes, various international contracts and conventions are being concluded. One of the important is the Convention on Cybercrimes (adopted by the Council of Europe) that is widely analysed in this paper. For better understanding and analysing the national regulation, there is explored the experience of Poland. There is evaluated the implementation of international requirements included in the Convention on Cybercrime and also the practical combat against criminal offences. It has been concluded that the normative regulation is well constituted however there are serious problems with conviction of the guilty persons. There is analyzed the national regulation in the second chapter of the paper, taking into account international requirements and the experience of Poland. There has been amended some paragraphs in the Latvian Penal code to observe the requirements of the Convention, however the author of the paper has noticed some serious non-compliances that can cause the problems with qualification. Very serious non-compliance is to provide a material structure of paragraphs in the case if the Convention doesn’t require or doesn’t prescribe it. It means that the conviction of guilty persons becomes more complicated, taking into account that consequences and causal relationship has to be proved in the accusation.
This paper explores the legal regulation of criminal offences in the automatic data processing system. There is analyzed international regulation in the first chapter, investigating its development in the course of time. Regulation has formed during the recent past, however, taking into account the increase in the number of offences committed in this field, it draws a lot of attention all over the world. Recognizing that only if there is strong international cooperation it is possible to cope with cybercrimes, various international contracts and conventions are being concluded. One of the important is the Convention on Cybercrimes (adopted by the Council of Europe) that is widely analysed in this paper. For better understanding and analysing the national regulation, there is explored the experience of Poland. There is evaluated the implementation of international requirements included in the Convention on Cybercrime and also the practical combat against criminal offences. It has been concluded that the normative regulation is well constituted however there are serious problems with conviction of the guilty persons. There is analyzed the national regulation in the second chapter of the paper, taking into account international requirements and the experience of Poland. There has been amended some paragraphs in the Latvian Penal code to observe the requirements of the Convention, however the author of the paper has noticed some serious non-compliances that can cause the problems with qualification. Very serious non-compliance is to provide a material structure of paragraphs in the case if the Convention doesn’t require or doesn’t prescribe it. It means that the conviction of guilty persons becomes more complicated, taking into account that consequences and causal relationship has to be proved in the accusation.