Jaunās aktīvās imunizācijas pieejas pārbaude transgēnajā Alcheimera slimības peļu modelī
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Morche, Luise-Maria
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Latvijas Universitāte
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lav
Abstract
Ievads: Alcheimera slimība (AD) ir visizplatītākais ar vecumu saistītās demences veids, kas skar miljoniem cilvēku visā pasaulē. Apmēram 5–10% AS gadījumu ir autosomāli dominanti pārmantoti, izraisot ģimenes Alcheimera slimību (FAD). Tradicionālās terapijas spēj palēnināt slimības progresēšanu, bet nespēj atjaunot jau esošo neirodeģenerāciju. Jaunas terapeitiskās imunizācijas stratēģijas mērķis ir vērsties pret specifiskām AS intracerebrālām patoloģiskām formācijām, lai potenciāli uzlabotu kognitīvās funkcijas agrīnās slimības stadijās. Mērķis: Šajā pētījumā vīrusam līdzīga daļiņa (VLP) – bakteriofāga platforma tika izmantota, lai iegūtu vakcīnas kandidātu un pārbaudītu to kā aktīvas imunizācijas pieeju pret ar Alcheimera slimību (AD) saistītām patoloģiskām izmaiņām sieviešu dzimuma 5xFAD peļu modelī. Materiāli un metodes: Uzvedības testi tika veikti sešus un astoņus mēnešus vecām 5xFAD mātītēm, lai novērtētu motoros un kognitīvos traucējumus. Izmantojot imūnfluorescenci, tika noteikta vakcinācijas ietekme uz Aβ daudzumu, aktivēto astrogliju šūnu blīvumu un ar jonu saistītā kalcija adaptera molekulas 1 (Iba-1) pozitīvo šūnu skaitu peles neokorteksā (NCTX) un dantatā girā (DG). Rezultāti: VLP balstītā imunizācija būtiski samazināja Aβ plāksnīšu skaitu un astrogliālo blīvumu sieviešu dzimuma 5xFAD pelēm NCTX, taču neizraisīja izmaiņas Iba-1 pozitīvo šūnu skaitā ne NCTX, ne DG. Ārstēšanas grupā netika novēroti uzlabojumi ne kognitīvajās, ne motoriskajās funkcijās. Secinjumi: Uz VLP balstītais vakcīnas kandidāts sniedza tikai mērenu preklīnisko efektivitāti. Lai pilnībā izpētītu šīs pieejas ārstniecisko potenciālu, nepieciešami turpmāki pētījumi ar uz Aβ vai tau epitopiem balstītu VLP vakcīnu abiem dzimumiem 5xFAD peļu modelī.
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the predominant type of age-related dementia, affecting million individuals globally. Around 5-10% of AD cases exhibit autosomal-dominant inheritance, leading to familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Conventional therapies slow down disease progression without reversing pre-existing neurodegeneration. Novel therapeutic strategies are being developed to target Alzheimer's disease-specific pathological formations via active immunization to amyloid β plaques (Aβ) in early disease stages. Objective: In this study, a virus-like particle (VLP) bacteriophage platform was used to obtain a vaccine candidate and test it as an active immunization approach against AD-related pathological alterations in a female 5xFAD mouse model. Material and Methods: Behavioral tests were conducted in six- and eight-month-old female 5xFAD mice to evaluate motor and cognitive impairments. Using immunofluorescence, the effects of vaccination on Aβ numbers, the density of activated astroglial cells, and the number of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive cells were determined in the neocortex (NCTX) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the mice. Results: VLP-based immunization significantly reduced the Aβ plaque count and the astroglial density in the NCTX of female 5xFAD mice but did not alter Iba-1-positive cell number in either the NCTX or the DG. No cognitive and motor improvements were observed in the treatment group. Conclusion: VLP-based vaccine candidate only provided modest preclinical efficacy. Further research of VLP-based vaccine displaying Aβ or tau epitopes in both sexes of 5xFAD mice is required to investigate the full treatment potential of this approach.
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the predominant type of age-related dementia, affecting million individuals globally. Around 5-10% of AD cases exhibit autosomal-dominant inheritance, leading to familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Conventional therapies slow down disease progression without reversing pre-existing neurodegeneration. Novel therapeutic strategies are being developed to target Alzheimer's disease-specific pathological formations via active immunization to amyloid β plaques (Aβ) in early disease stages. Objective: In this study, a virus-like particle (VLP) bacteriophage platform was used to obtain a vaccine candidate and test it as an active immunization approach against AD-related pathological alterations in a female 5xFAD mouse model. Material and Methods: Behavioral tests were conducted in six- and eight-month-old female 5xFAD mice to evaluate motor and cognitive impairments. Using immunofluorescence, the effects of vaccination on Aβ numbers, the density of activated astroglial cells, and the number of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive cells were determined in the neocortex (NCTX) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the mice. Results: VLP-based immunization significantly reduced the Aβ plaque count and the astroglial density in the NCTX of female 5xFAD mice but did not alter Iba-1-positive cell number in either the NCTX or the DG. No cognitive and motor improvements were observed in the treatment group. Conclusion: VLP-based vaccine candidate only provided modest preclinical efficacy. Further research of VLP-based vaccine displaying Aβ or tau epitopes in both sexes of 5xFAD mice is required to investigate the full treatment potential of this approach.