Krūts dziedzera audzēja morfoloģisko un radioloģisko izmaiņu analīze pacientēm pirms un pēc neoadjuvantas terapijas
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Latvijas Universitāte
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lav
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Ievads: Krūts dziedzera audzējs ir viens no visbiežāk sastopamajiem ļaundabīgajiem audzējiem sievietēm visā pasaulē un arī Latvijā, veidojot būtisku daļu no onkoloģisko slimību kopainas. Viens no nozīmīgiem ārstēšanas virzieniem lokāli progresējoša krūts dziedzera audzēja gadījumā ir neoadjuvanta terapija, kas tiek piemērota pirms ķirurģiskas iejaukšanās, lai samazinātu audzēja apjomu un izvērtētu tā jutību pret terapiju. Neoadjuvantas terapijas efektivitātes novērtēšanā būtiska loma ir gan morfoloģiskajām, gan radioloģiskajām izmaiņām. Izpratne par to, kā audzējs mainās terapijas ietekmē, ļauj precīzāk plānot tālāko ārstēšanu, kā arī prognozēt slimības gaitu. Darba mērķis: Novērtēt krūts dziedzera audzēja morfoloģiskās un radioloģiskās izmaiņas pacientēm pirms un pēc neoadjuvantas terapijas, lai identificētu saistību starp audzēja tipu, atbildes reakciju uz ārstēšanu un terapijas efektivitātes prognozēšanas iespējām. Materiāli un metodes: Retrospektīva pētījumā tika analizēti 104 pacientu dati par laikposmu no 2022. līdz 2024. gadam. Visām pacientēm bija histoloģiski apstiprināta krūts dziedzera audzējs, un viņas saņēma neoadjuvantu terapiju RAKUS LOC. Tika analizēts audzēja izmērs pirms un pēc neoadjuvantas terapijas, TIL (audzēja infiltrējoši limfocīti), histopatoloģiskas izmaiņas, audzeja molekulārais apakštips. Pētījumā tika izmantota logististikā regresija, lai identificētu neatkarīgos faktorus, kas ietekmē pilnīgas morfoloģiskās atbildes iespējamību pēc neoadjuvantas terapijas. Šajā pētījumā neoadjuvantas terapijas efektivitāte tika novērtēta, izmantojot Miller–Payne skalu. Pilnīga morfoloģiskā atbilde tika definēta kā 5. pakāpe pēc Miller–Payne skalas, kas nozīmē pilnīgu audzēja šūnu izzušanu primārajā krūts audzējā. Rezultāti: Pētījumā tika izvērtētas morfoloģiskās un radioloģiskās izmaiņas, kā arī faktori, kas saistīti ar pilnīgas morfoloģiskās atbildes (Miller–Payne 5. pakāpe) sasniegšanu. Pilnīga atbilde tika konstatēta 42,3% gadījumu un biežāk tā bija novērota trīskārši negatīvam tipam un HER2+ ne-luminālam tipam. Statistiski nozīmīga saistība ar pilnīgu atbildi tika konstatēta audzēja infiltrējošo limfocītu (TIL) daudzumam, Ki-67 indeksam un ļaundabīguma pakāpei (Grade). Loģistiskās regresijas modelī TIL un Ki-67 saglabāja neatkarīgu prognostisku nozīmi. Netika konstatēta būtiska saistība starp terapijas atbildi un pacienšu vecumu, sākotnējo audzēja izmēru vai operācijas veidu. Secinājumi: Pilnīgu morfoloģisko atbildi pēc neoadjuvantas terapijas biežāk sasniedza pacienti ar trīskārši negatīvu un HER2+ ne-luminālu tipa audzēju. TIL un Ki-67 tika identificēti kā nozīmīgi neatkarīgi terapijas efektivitātes prognozētāji. Vecums, sākotnējais audzēja izmērs un operācijas veids ar ārstēšanas atbildi nebija būtiski saistīti. Atslēgas vārdi: krūts dziedzera ļaundabīgs audzējs, neoadjuvantā ķīmijterapija, TIL (audzēja infiltrējošie limfocīti), Miller-Payne skala, molekulārais apakštips.
Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide and also in Latvia, forming a significant part of the overall picture of oncological diseases. One of the important treatment directions in locally advanced breast cancer is neoadjuvant therapy, which is applied before surgical intervention to reduce the tumor volume and assess its sensitivity to therapy. Both morphological and radiological changes play an important role in assessing the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. Understanding how the tumor changes under the influence of therapy allows for more accurate planning of further treatment, as well as predicting the course of the disease. Aim: To evaluate morphological and radiological changes in breast tumors in patients before and after neoadjuvant therapy to identify the relationship between tumor type, response to treatment, and predictive capabilities for therapy efficacy. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, data from 104 patients were analyzed for the period from 2022 to 2024. All patients had histologically confirmed breast cancer and received neoadjuvant therapy at the REUH Latvian Centre of Oncology. The tumor size before and after neoadjuvant therapy, TIL (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes), histopathological changes, and molecular subtype of the tumor were analyzed. The study used logistic regression to identify independent factors that affect the likelihood of a complete morphological response after neoadjuvant therapy. In this study, the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy was assessed using the Miller–Payne scale. A complete morphological response was defined as grade 5 according to the Miller–Payne scale, which means the complete disappearance of tumor cells in the primary breast tumor. Results: The study evaluated morphological and radiological changes, as well as factors associated with achieving a complete morphological response (Miller–Payne grade 5). Complete response was observed in 42.3% of cases and was more common in the Triple-negative type and HER2+ non-luminal type. A statistically significant association with complete response was found for the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), Ki-67 index and grade of malignancy. In the logistic regression model, TIL and Ki-67 retained independent prognostic significance. No significant association was found between treatment response and patient age, initial tumor size or type of surgery. Conclusions: Complete morphological response after neoadjuvant therapy was more frequently achieved in patients with triple-negative and HER2+ non-luminal tumor types. TIL and Ki-67 were identified as significant independent predictors of treatment efficacy. Age, initial tumor size, and type of surgery were not significantly associated with treatment response.
Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide and also in Latvia, forming a significant part of the overall picture of oncological diseases. One of the important treatment directions in locally advanced breast cancer is neoadjuvant therapy, which is applied before surgical intervention to reduce the tumor volume and assess its sensitivity to therapy. Both morphological and radiological changes play an important role in assessing the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. Understanding how the tumor changes under the influence of therapy allows for more accurate planning of further treatment, as well as predicting the course of the disease. Aim: To evaluate morphological and radiological changes in breast tumors in patients before and after neoadjuvant therapy to identify the relationship between tumor type, response to treatment, and predictive capabilities for therapy efficacy. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, data from 104 patients were analyzed for the period from 2022 to 2024. All patients had histologically confirmed breast cancer and received neoadjuvant therapy at the REUH Latvian Centre of Oncology. The tumor size before and after neoadjuvant therapy, TIL (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes), histopathological changes, and molecular subtype of the tumor were analyzed. The study used logistic regression to identify independent factors that affect the likelihood of a complete morphological response after neoadjuvant therapy. In this study, the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy was assessed using the Miller–Payne scale. A complete morphological response was defined as grade 5 according to the Miller–Payne scale, which means the complete disappearance of tumor cells in the primary breast tumor. Results: The study evaluated morphological and radiological changes, as well as factors associated with achieving a complete morphological response (Miller–Payne grade 5). Complete response was observed in 42.3% of cases and was more common in the Triple-negative type and HER2+ non-luminal type. A statistically significant association with complete response was found for the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), Ki-67 index and grade of malignancy. In the logistic regression model, TIL and Ki-67 retained independent prognostic significance. No significant association was found between treatment response and patient age, initial tumor size or type of surgery. Conclusions: Complete morphological response after neoadjuvant therapy was more frequently achieved in patients with triple-negative and HER2+ non-luminal tumor types. TIL and Ki-67 were identified as significant independent predictors of treatment efficacy. Age, initial tumor size, and type of surgery were not significantly associated with treatment response.