Fokusa dziļums dažādos skata attālumos
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Darba mērķis: Praktiski novērtēt fokusa dziļuma atkarību no akomodācijas stimula parametriem- attāluma un telpiskās frekvences. Katram pacientam individuāli uzņemt akomodācijas stimula/ atbildes līkni dažādos attālumos pie dažādām telpiskajām frekvencēm. Praktiski noteikt fokusa dziļuma atkarību no subjektu vecuma.
Subjekti: Pētījumā tika izmeklēti 2 vecuma grupu subjekti: I grupu veido 19 subjekti vecumā no 20- 25 gadiem, II grupu- 16 subjekti vecumā no 35- 40 gadiem. Katram subjektam (gan I, gan II grupā) kā kritērijs tika noteikts redzes asums ne mazāks kā 0.8 gan tālumā, gan tuvumā, ar vai bez korekcijas. Katra subjekta redzes raksturam un binokulārajām funkcijām bija jābūt normai atbilstošām, gan tālumā, gan tuvumā. Eksperimenta neiekļaušanas kritēriji: acu saslimšanas, šķielēšana, ambliopija, anizometropija, kas lielāka par 1.00 [D], nekoriģēts astigmātisms, kas lielāks par 1.00 [D].
Metodes: Redzes asuma kontrole. Redzes rakstura noteikšana. Individuālās PRA noteikšana. Autorefraktometra sistemātiskās kļūdas noteikšana. Pacienta akomodācijas aparāta stimulēšana. Akomodācijas aparāta papildu stimulēšana. Akomodācijas atbildes mērīšana izmantojot Grand Seiko autorefraktometru.
Rezultāti: Fokusa dziļuma vidējās vērtības abās vecuma grupās ir robežās no 0.67- 0.96 [D]. Sakarības starp fokusa dziļumu, stimula attālumu un telpisko frekvenci katrā grupā atsevišķi izpaužas vāji. Fokusa dziļums vidējās skatīšanās distancēs samazinās palielinoties vecumam.
Secinājumi: 1) Katrā subjektu grupā atsevišķi attāluma ietekme uz fokusa dziļumu statistisku ticamības līmeni sasniedz tikai 20- 40 % gadījumu, tādējādi šādi rezultāti nav vērtējami viennozīmīgi. Jauniem pieaugušajiem attālums fokusa dziļumu ietekmē vairāk. 2) Neliela redzes stimula telpiskā frekvences atšķirība kopumā dod maz nozīmīgu ietekmi uz acs fokusa dziļumu. Jauniem pieaugušajiem redzes stimula telpiskās frekvences lielums tuvās un vidējās skatīšanās distancēs kļūst nozīmīgāks. 3) Vidējās skatīšanās distancēs (0.67 un 1.00 [m]) fokusa dziļums līdz ar vecuma palielināšanos samazinās. 4) Akomodācijas mehānisma darbības līkne ļauj uzskatāmi novērtēt un analizēt fokusa dziļuma atkarību no stimula attāluma un telpiskās frekvences katram subjektam individuāli.
Bakalaura darbs uzrakstīts latviešu valodā, datorsalikumā uz 38 lapaspuses, satur 18 attēlus, 1 tabulu uz atsauces uz 17 literatūras avotiem.
Atslēgas vārdi: fokusa dziļums, akomodācijas darbības līkne, akomodācijas atpalikšana, PRA
Objective: To assess depth-of-focus dependence on parameters of accommodation stimulus- distance and spatial frequency. Take a curve of the accommodation stimulus and response for each patient individually (at different distances and spatial frequencies). Assess the depth-of-focus dependence on the subject’s age. Subjects: 2 groups of subjects: group I- 19 persons, aged 20- 25; group II- 16 persons, aged 35- 40. Each subject experimental inclusion criterion: visual acuity V= 0.8 as a minimum at distance and near, single binocular vision at distance and near. Each subject exclusion criterion: previous vision disorders or diseases, amblyopia, anisometropia greater than 1.00 [D], astigmatism greater than 1.00 [D]. Methods: Control of the visual acuity. Evaluate the binocular functions. Determine each patient’s individual PRA. Determine the systematic error for binocular autorefractometer. Stimulate accommodation mechanism. Accommodation mechanism extra stimulation using concave lenses within individual PRA. Measure the accommodation response using binocular refractometer WV-500. Results: Average values of the depth of field are in range between 0.67 and 0.96 [D] in both subject groups. Relation between depth of field stimulus distance and spatial frequency summary shows poorly. The depth of field in medium stimulus distances decreases with age. Conclusions: 1) Distance of the visual perception stimulus affects the depth of focus at 20- 40% of cases. In a young adults group distance more affects the depth of focus. 2) Overall in both groups slight difference in stimulus spatial frequencies doesn’t affect depth of focus. In a young adults group the role of spatial frequency increases. 3) In a medium viewing distances the depth of field decreases with age. 4) Accommodation stimulus/ response curve is a demonstrative for depth of focus analyze. The diploma thesis is written in Latvian, the volume- 38 pages in computer print. It contains 18 pictures, 1 table and there are 17 literature sources used. Key words: Depth-of-focus, accommodation stimulus/ response curve, lag of accommodation, PRA
Objective: To assess depth-of-focus dependence on parameters of accommodation stimulus- distance and spatial frequency. Take a curve of the accommodation stimulus and response for each patient individually (at different distances and spatial frequencies). Assess the depth-of-focus dependence on the subject’s age. Subjects: 2 groups of subjects: group I- 19 persons, aged 20- 25; group II- 16 persons, aged 35- 40. Each subject experimental inclusion criterion: visual acuity V= 0.8 as a minimum at distance and near, single binocular vision at distance and near. Each subject exclusion criterion: previous vision disorders or diseases, amblyopia, anisometropia greater than 1.00 [D], astigmatism greater than 1.00 [D]. Methods: Control of the visual acuity. Evaluate the binocular functions. Determine each patient’s individual PRA. Determine the systematic error for binocular autorefractometer. Stimulate accommodation mechanism. Accommodation mechanism extra stimulation using concave lenses within individual PRA. Measure the accommodation response using binocular refractometer WV-500. Results: Average values of the depth of field are in range between 0.67 and 0.96 [D] in both subject groups. Relation between depth of field stimulus distance and spatial frequency summary shows poorly. The depth of field in medium stimulus distances decreases with age. Conclusions: 1) Distance of the visual perception stimulus affects the depth of focus at 20- 40% of cases. In a young adults group distance more affects the depth of focus. 2) Overall in both groups slight difference in stimulus spatial frequencies doesn’t affect depth of focus. In a young adults group the role of spatial frequency increases. 3) In a medium viewing distances the depth of field decreases with age. 4) Accommodation stimulus/ response curve is a demonstrative for depth of focus analyze. The diploma thesis is written in Latvian, the volume- 38 pages in computer print. It contains 18 pictures, 1 table and there are 17 literature sources used. Key words: Depth-of-focus, accommodation stimulus/ response curve, lag of accommodation, PRA