Zoobentosa sugu sastāvs un izplatība Rīgas līča piekrastes ūdeņos
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Latvijas Universitāte
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lav
Abstract
Bakalaura darba mērķis- apzināt piekrastes seklūdens zonas zoobentosa sugu sastāvu Rīgas līcī un novērtēt to izplatību atšķirīgās piekrastes vietās. Pētījuma aktualitāti nosaka tas, ka Rīgas līcis ir mājvieta ļoti daudzām zoobentosa sugām. Šī sugu daudzveidība ir svarīga ekosistēmas veselībai un funkcionēšanai. Tomēr par piekrastes sugu, kas apdzīvo dziļuma zonu no 0,5 m līdz 2 m, izplatību informācija ir nepietiekoša, kā arī par to ekoloģiju ir samērā maz zināms. Darba ietvaros tiks izmantota velkamā tīkla metode, lai iegūtu aptverošu skatu gan par mīkstā substrāta, gan cietā substrāta sugām. Rezultāti parādīja, ka zoobentosa sastāvs būtiski atšķiras atkarībā no substrāta veida un sāļuma gradienta, savukārt fitobentosa daudzums atspoguļo eitrofikācijas līmeni piekrastes zonās. Vāja pozitīva korelācija starp fitobentosa relatīvo daudzumu un zoobentosa īpatņu skaitu novērojama tikai daļā staciju, īpaši antropogēni ietekmētajās teritorijās. Darba rezultāti sniedz ieskatu Rīgas līča ekoloģiskajā stāvoklī un uzsver bentiskās monitoringa nepieciešamību vides kvalitātes novērtēšanā. Darba apjoms ir 50 lappuses un kas ietver 16 attēlus, tika izstrādāts sadarbībā ar Latvijas Hidroekoloģijas institūtu (LHEI). Lauka darbi norisinājās 2024. gada jūnijā un jūlijā, kopumā pavadot vairākas dienas piekrastes staciju apsekojumos Rīgas līcī. Darba gaitā paraugi tika ievākti lauka apstākļos un vēlāk analizēti laboratorijā, veicot sugu noteikšanu, biomasas mērījumus un datu statistisko apstrādi.
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to identify the species composition of zoobenthos in the shallow coastal areas of the Gulf of Riga and to assess their distribution across different shoreline zones. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the Gulf of Riga is home to a wide variety of zoobenthic species. This biodiversity plays a key role in maintaining ecosystem health and functioning. However, there is insufficient information regarding the distribution and ecology of coastal species inhabiting the depth zone between 0.5 and 2 meters. The study applied a towed net sampling method to obtain a comprehensive overview of species associated with both soft and hard substrates. The results showed that the composition of zoobenthos varied significantly depending on the type of substrate and salinity gradient, while the abundance of phytobenthos reflected the degree of eutrophication in coastal areas. A weak positive correlation between the relative abundance of phytobenthos and the total number of zoobenthic individuals was observed in certain stations, particularly in anthropogenically influenced zones. The findings provide insights into the ecological condition of the Gulf of Riga and emphasize the importance of benthic monitoring in environmental quality assessments. The thesis comprises 50 pages and includes 16 figures. It was developed in collaboration with the Latvian Institute of Hydroecology (LHEI). Fieldwork was carried out in June and July 2024, with several days spent surveying coastal stations in the Gulf of Riga. During the research, samples were collected under field conditions and later analyzed in the laboratory through species identification, biomass measurements, and statistical data processing.
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to identify the species composition of zoobenthos in the shallow coastal areas of the Gulf of Riga and to assess their distribution across different shoreline zones. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the Gulf of Riga is home to a wide variety of zoobenthic species. This biodiversity plays a key role in maintaining ecosystem health and functioning. However, there is insufficient information regarding the distribution and ecology of coastal species inhabiting the depth zone between 0.5 and 2 meters. The study applied a towed net sampling method to obtain a comprehensive overview of species associated with both soft and hard substrates. The results showed that the composition of zoobenthos varied significantly depending on the type of substrate and salinity gradient, while the abundance of phytobenthos reflected the degree of eutrophication in coastal areas. A weak positive correlation between the relative abundance of phytobenthos and the total number of zoobenthic individuals was observed in certain stations, particularly in anthropogenically influenced zones. The findings provide insights into the ecological condition of the Gulf of Riga and emphasize the importance of benthic monitoring in environmental quality assessments. The thesis comprises 50 pages and includes 16 figures. It was developed in collaboration with the Latvian Institute of Hydroecology (LHEI). Fieldwork was carried out in June and July 2024, with several days spent surveying coastal stations in the Gulf of Riga. During the research, samples were collected under field conditions and later analyzed in the laboratory through species identification, biomass measurements, and statistical data processing.