Episkā teātra pieredze Eiropā un Latvijā
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Abstract
EPISKĀ TEĀTRA PIEREDZE EIROPĀ UN LATVIJĀ
Pētījuma temats ir vācu dramaturga, režisora un teātra teorētiķa Bertolta
Brehta (1898 – 1956) 20. gs. 20. gados izstrādātā episkā teātra teorija, tās ģenēze
un evolūcija, un šīs teorijas pielietojums režijas praksē Eiropā, tai skaitā Latvijā,
laikmeta sociālpolitisko norišu un modernisma teātra paradigmas kontekstā.
Bertolta Brehta episkais teātris un Konstantīna Staņislavska definētā
pārdzīvojuma teātra metode ir divas nozīmīgākās teātra sistēmas, kas
visprincipiālāk ietekmējušas 20.gadsimta režijas un aktiermākslas izteiksmes
līdzekļus Eiropā. Galvenā atšķirība starp šīm teātra sistēmēm ir tā, ka dramatiskā
jeb aristoteliskā teātra pamatā ir drāma – notikums, kas attīstās darbībā skatītāja
acu priekšā, bet episkā teātra pamatā stāstījums par kādu notikumu, kas ar
dažādiem teātra valodas līdzekļiem tiek atsvešināts no skatītāja emocionālā
līdzpārdzīvojuma. Laika gaitā transformējoties, šīs pieejas teātrī manifestējas gan
tīrā, klasiskā formātā, gan savstarpēji mijiedarbojoties un integrējot arī citu teātra
sistēmu pieredzi.
EPIC THEATRE IN EUROPE AND LATVIA The research is devoted to the theory of epic theatre by German dramatist, stage director and theatre theoretician Bertolt Brecht (1898 – 1956), development of the theory in 1920s and its further evolution, as well as its application in stage directing in Europe, including Latvia, in the context of socio-political events and as a paradigm of the modernist theatre. Bertolt Brecht’s epic theatre and the method of physical action developed by Konstantin Stanislavsky are the two main systems used in theatre which have most significantly influenced the means of expression in stage direction and acting in 20th century Europe. Due to transformations, these systems manifest themselves in a pure, classic form, as well as in forms which have interacted and have become integrated other theatre systems.
EPIC THEATRE IN EUROPE AND LATVIA The research is devoted to the theory of epic theatre by German dramatist, stage director and theatre theoretician Bertolt Brecht (1898 – 1956), development of the theory in 1920s and its further evolution, as well as its application in stage directing in Europe, including Latvia, in the context of socio-political events and as a paradigm of the modernist theatre. Bertolt Brecht’s epic theatre and the method of physical action developed by Konstantin Stanislavsky are the two main systems used in theatre which have most significantly influenced the means of expression in stage direction and acting in 20th century Europe. Due to transformations, these systems manifest themselves in a pure, classic form, as well as in forms which have interacted and have become integrated other theatre systems.