Psiholoģisko faktoru saistība ar māsu zināšanām un attieksmi pret sāpēm un atsāpināšanu
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Latvijas Universitāte
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lav
Abstract
Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot, vai pastāv saistība starp Latvijas slimnīcās (izņemot psihiatriskā profila nodaļas) strādājošo māsu sāpju katastrofizēšanu, empātiju, izjusto stresu un viņu attieksmi un zināšanām par sāpēm, kā arī nemedikamentozu sāpju mazināšanas metožu izmantošanu. Pētījumā piedalījās 131 māsa no dažāda līmeņa ārstniecības iestādēm Latvijā. Dati tika iegūti, izmantojot Zināšanu un attieksmes pret sāpēm aptauju (“Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain) (City of Hope, 2022), Sāpju katastrofizēšanas skalu (Pain catastrophizing scale) (Sullivan et al., 1995), Starppersonu reakciju aptaujas (Interpersonal Reactivity Index) (Davis, 1983) psiholoģiskā skatpunkta un empātisko rūpju apakšskalas un Keslera psiholoģiskā distresa skalu (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10) (Kessler et al., 2002). Rezultāti norādīja, ka lielai daļai respondentu ir nepietiekamas zināšanas un attieksme pret sāpēm, īpaši nemedikamentozās sāpju vadības un sāpju novērtēšanas aspektos. Empātija statistiski nozīmīgi prognozēja augstāku zināšanu un attieksmes līmeni, savukārt sāpju katastrofizēšana un psiholoģiskais distress nebija nozīmīgi prognozētāji. Ap 36% aptaujāto māsu neizmanto nemedikamentozās metodes, kā galvenos šķēršļus minot zināšanu un laika trūkumu. Tika konstatēta tendence, ka augstāks empātijas līmenis varētu būt saistīts ar biežāku šo metožu izmantošanu, taču statistiskā nozīmība netika sasniegta. Pētījuma rezultāti ir saskaņā ar apskatīto literatūru, kas norāda nepieciešamību pilnveidot māsu izglītību sāpju vadībā, īpaši akcentējot biopsihosociālās pieejas ieviešanu un nemedikamentozo metožu integrēšanu praksē. Rezultāti apliecina, ka empātijai ir būtiska nozīme māsas profesionālajā attieksmē un izpratnē par sāpēm, bet zināšanu trūkums un sistēmiski ierobežojumi kavē pilnvērtīgu sāpju vadību Latvijas veselības aprūpē.
The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between pain catastrophizing, empathy, psychological distress, and the attitudes and knowledge about pain among nurses working in Latvian hospitals (excluding psychiatric units), as well as their use of non-pharmacological pain management methods. The study included 131 nurses from healthcare institutions of various levels across Latvia. Data were collected using several internationally validated and Latvian-adapted questionnaires: the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (City of Hope, 2022), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan et al., 1995), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1983) – specifically the Perspective Taking and Empathic Concern subscales – and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) (Kessler et al., 2002). Results showed that most respondents had insufficient knowledge and attitudes regarding pain, particularly in the areas of non-pharmacological pain management and pain assessment. Empathy was a statistically significant predictor of better knowledge and attitudes, while pain catastrophizing and psychological distress were not significant predictors. Around 36% of nurses reported not using non-pharmacological methods at all, citing lack of knowledge and time as the main barriers. A trend was observed indicating that higher levels of empathy may be associated with more frequent use of these methods, although statistical significance was not achieved. The findings align with the reviewed literature, highlighting the need to improve nurses education in pain management, with an emphasis on implementing the biopsychosocial approach and integrating non-pharmacological methods into clinical practice. The results confirm that empathy plays a key role in nurses’ professional attitudes and understanding of pain; however, knowledge gaps and systemic limitations hinder effective pain management in the Latvian healthcare system.
The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between pain catastrophizing, empathy, psychological distress, and the attitudes and knowledge about pain among nurses working in Latvian hospitals (excluding psychiatric units), as well as their use of non-pharmacological pain management methods. The study included 131 nurses from healthcare institutions of various levels across Latvia. Data were collected using several internationally validated and Latvian-adapted questionnaires: the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (City of Hope, 2022), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan et al., 1995), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1983) – specifically the Perspective Taking and Empathic Concern subscales – and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) (Kessler et al., 2002). Results showed that most respondents had insufficient knowledge and attitudes regarding pain, particularly in the areas of non-pharmacological pain management and pain assessment. Empathy was a statistically significant predictor of better knowledge and attitudes, while pain catastrophizing and psychological distress were not significant predictors. Around 36% of nurses reported not using non-pharmacological methods at all, citing lack of knowledge and time as the main barriers. A trend was observed indicating that higher levels of empathy may be associated with more frequent use of these methods, although statistical significance was not achieved. The findings align with the reviewed literature, highlighting the need to improve nurses education in pain management, with an emphasis on implementing the biopsychosocial approach and integrating non-pharmacological methods into clinical practice. The results confirm that empathy plays a key role in nurses’ professional attitudes and understanding of pain; however, knowledge gaps and systemic limitations hinder effective pain management in the Latvian healthcare system.