Conversation Ecology of the Black Stork in Latvia
Loading...
Date
Authors
Advisor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Latvijas Universitāte
Language
eng
Abstract
Autors pētīja melnā stārķa ligzdošanas ekoloģiju un ligzdošanas sekmes ietekmējošus
faktorus Latvijā 1979.–2010. g. Analīzei izmantotas 1634 ligzdu kontroles, ligzdu
pamešanas iemesli analizēti, izmantojot datus par 301 ligzdu 257 teritorijās. DDT
ietekmes noskaidrošanai materiāls ievākts arī Igaunijā, Polijā, Vācijā, Čehijā un Beļģijā.
Darbā ir 35 tabulas un 30 attēli.
Melnā stārķa ligzdošanas sekmes ir būtiski pasliktinājušās. Svarīgākais ligzdošanas
dzīvotnes nosacījums ir iepriekšējās paaudzes priežu un ozolu, bet mežos, kur ozolu nav,
lielu apšu klātbūtne. Ligzdas vietas izvēle ir kompromiss starp ligzdas drošību pret
postījumiem, iespēju tai piekļūt un stabilitāti. Lai gan postījumu skaits ir būtiski
pieaudzis, tas nepārsniedz dabisku plēsēju ietekmes līmeni netraucētos mežos. Būtiska
negatīva loma ir mežsaimnieciskās darbības traucējumiem, it īpaši pavasarī. Tādēļ ap
70% traucēto pāru ir neproduktīvi, kas ir galvenais kopējo ligzdošanas sekmju
pazemināšanās iemesls. Pēdējos gados palielinās DDT un tā izomēru negatīvā loma. Šis
piesārņojums izraisa ligzdošanas sezonas aizkavēšanos, pasliktina
ligzdošanas sekmes un jauno putnu izdzīvotību. Darbā izstrādātas rekomendācijas
saimnieciskās darbības izmaiņām un priekšlikumi izmaiņām dabas aizsardzības
likumdošanā.
Pētījumi laika gaitā finansēti no dažādiem avotiem, atsevišķas nozīmīgākās pētījuma
daļas finansējuši Latvijas Dabas fonds (1990.–1996.), AS "Latvijas valsts meži" (2004.–
2008.), Fonds „Stork Foundation” (2008.–2010., Vācija) un Eiropas Sociālais Fonds
(projekts ”Atbalsts doktora studijām Latvijas Universitātē”, 2010).
Atslēgvārdi: melnais stārķis, mežsaimniecības ietekme, traucējumi, dzīvotnes kvalitāte,
DDT, plēsēju ietekme
The author studied the breeding ecology of Black Stork and factors affecting breeding performance in Latvia from 1979–2010. Analysed data are based on 1634 controlled nests, the reasons for nest abandonment were studied using data from 301 nests in 257 territories. In order to study the impact of DDT on breeding success, data on egg measures and organochlorine content were also gathered in Estonia, Poland, Czech Republic, Germany and Belgium. Paper contains 35 Tables and 30 Pictures. Breeding success of Black stork has declined significantly during the study period, and the main aim of the study was to elucidate which factors could be made responsible for this decline. The most important features of the breeding habitat is the presence of large oaks, pines or aspens. Position of a nest is a trade-off between predation security, access and nest-site stability. Although predation level has increased significantly during the study, it does not exceed that in undisturbed natural forests. Forestry disturbance particularly in spring was found to be the most significant factor affecting breeding success, resulting in breeding failure of up to some 70% of affected pairs. The role of chemical contamination (DDT) has been increasing during the last years, causing an increased rate of egg loss, delay in breeding season and reduced juvenile survival. Recommendations for changes in forestry practice and legislation are suggested and discussed. Different funding sources have been used in various periods of the work. Separate important parts of this survey have been funded by the Latvian Fund for Nature (1990–1996), the Stock Company "Latvijas valsts meži" (2004–2008), „The Stork Foundation” (2008–2010, Germany) and the European Social Fund (2010). Keywords: Black Stork, forestry impact, disturbance, habitat quality, DDT, predator impact
The author studied the breeding ecology of Black Stork and factors affecting breeding performance in Latvia from 1979–2010. Analysed data are based on 1634 controlled nests, the reasons for nest abandonment were studied using data from 301 nests in 257 territories. In order to study the impact of DDT on breeding success, data on egg measures and organochlorine content were also gathered in Estonia, Poland, Czech Republic, Germany and Belgium. Paper contains 35 Tables and 30 Pictures. Breeding success of Black stork has declined significantly during the study period, and the main aim of the study was to elucidate which factors could be made responsible for this decline. The most important features of the breeding habitat is the presence of large oaks, pines or aspens. Position of a nest is a trade-off between predation security, access and nest-site stability. Although predation level has increased significantly during the study, it does not exceed that in undisturbed natural forests. Forestry disturbance particularly in spring was found to be the most significant factor affecting breeding success, resulting in breeding failure of up to some 70% of affected pairs. The role of chemical contamination (DDT) has been increasing during the last years, causing an increased rate of egg loss, delay in breeding season and reduced juvenile survival. Recommendations for changes in forestry practice and legislation are suggested and discussed. Different funding sources have been used in various periods of the work. Separate important parts of this survey have been funded by the Latvian Fund for Nature (1990–1996), the Stock Company "Latvijas valsts meži" (2004–2008), „The Stork Foundation” (2008–2010, Germany) and the European Social Fund (2010). Keywords: Black Stork, forestry impact, disturbance, habitat quality, DDT, predator impact