Ekstrēmās pretošanās prasībām saistība ar autisma iezīmēm un vecāku audzināšanas uzvedību 5-11 gadus veciem bērniem
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Latvijas Universitāte
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lav
Abstract
Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot bērnu ekstrēmās pretošanās prasībām saistību ar autisma iezīmēm un ar vecāku audzināšanas uzvedību. Pētījumā piedalījās simts (N=100) vecāki, tajā skaitā 89 sievietes un 11 vīrieši. Vecāki, kas audzina bērnu vecumā no 5 līdz 11 gadiem, no tiem 50 zēnu (50%) un 50 meiteņu (50%), ar AST diagnozi 14 bērni (14%), bez diagnozes (61,4%),. Pētījumā izmantotie instrumenti: Ekstrēmās pretošanās prasībām (EPP) 8 apgalvojumu aptauja (Extreme Demand Avoidance 8-item measure (EDA-8), O`Nions et al., 2021), Autisma pazīmju aptauja - PAZĪMES. (Signs. Learning with autism in Latvian Schools, The Autism SIGNS Questionnaire – SIGNS, Sue Leekam, Catherine Jones, Dale Hay, Sarah Barrett, 2017) un Ģentas audzināšanas skala (Ghent Parental Behavior Scale (GPBS), Van Leeuwen et.al., 2004). Pētījuma rezultāti liecina, ka starp autiskā spektra traucējumu iezīmēm un EPP atklāta statistiski nozīmīga negatīva saistība (rs = -0,73, p < 0,01), kas ņemot vērā apgriezto kodēšanu faktiskā nozīmē pozitīvu korelāciju. Visciešākās saistības novērotas ar verbālās komunikācijas (rs = -0,69, p < 0,01) un uzvedības/interešu (rs = -0,66, p < 0,01) grūtībām. Vecāku audzināšanas uzvedība nav tieši saistīta ar EPP, bet vecāki intuitīvi pielāgo stratēģijas atbilstoši bērnu AST iezīmēm. Barga sodīšana pozitīvi prognozē EPP (β = 0,14, p < 0,01) bērna ekstrēmās pretošanās prasībām uzvedību. Regresijas modelis izskaidro 56% no EPP variācijas, kurā uzvedības/interešu grūtības, verbālās komunikācijas problēmas un barga sodīšana ir galvenie prognozētāji. Veiktais pētījums ļauj secināt, ka ekstrēmās pretošanās prasībām uzvedības modelis ir saistīts ar autiskā spektra traucējumu iezīmēm, īpaši ar komunikācijas grūtībām un stereotipisku uzvedību, kas pamato ekstrēmo pretošanos prasībām kā nozīmīgu AST spektra komponentu. Pētījuma prognostiskais modelis ir klīniski noderīgs bērna ekstrēmās pretošanās prasībām identificēšanai un intervences plānošanai. Pētījums atklāj ģimenes faktoru saistību ar AST izpausmēm, uzsverot ģimenes stabilitātes un atbalsta nozīmi.
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between children's extreme demand avoidance (EDA), autism traits, and parental rearing behavior. The study involved one hundred (N=100) parents (raising children aged 5 to 11 years, of which 50 were boys (50%), and 50 were girls (50%), , with ASD diagnosis 14 (14%), without diagnosis 86 (61,4%). Instruments used: Extreme Demand Avoidance 8-item measure (EDA-8) (O'Nions et al., 2021), The Autism SIGNS Questionnaire (SIGNS, Learning with autism in Latvian Schools, Sue Leekam, Catherine Jones, Dale Hay, Sarah Barrett, 2017), the Ghent Parental Behavior Scale (GPBS) (Van Leeuwen et al., 2004). The results of the study indicate a statistically significant negative relationship between autism spectrum disorder traits and EDA was revealed (rs = -0.73, p < 0,01), which considering reverse coding represents a positive correlation. Strongest associations were found with verbal communication difficulties (rs = -0,69, p < 0,01) and behavior/interests limitations (rs = -0,66, p < 0,01). Parental rearing behavior was not directly related to EDA, but parents intuitively adapted strategies according to children's ASD traits. Harsh punishment positively predicted EDA (β = 0,14, p < 0,01). The regression model explained 56% of EDA variation, with behavior/interests difficulties, verbal communication problems, and harsh punishment as main predictors. The conducted study allows to conclude that the extreme demand avoidance behavioral pattern model is associated with autism spectrum disorder traits, particularly linked to communication difficulties and stereotypical behavior, which substantiates extreme demand avoidance as a significant component of the ASD spectrum. The study's prognostic model is clinically useful for identifying extreme demand avoidance in children and planning interventions. The research reveals the association of family factors with ASD manifestations, emphasizing the importance of family stability and support.
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between children's extreme demand avoidance (EDA), autism traits, and parental rearing behavior. The study involved one hundred (N=100) parents (raising children aged 5 to 11 years, of which 50 were boys (50%), and 50 were girls (50%), , with ASD diagnosis 14 (14%), without diagnosis 86 (61,4%). Instruments used: Extreme Demand Avoidance 8-item measure (EDA-8) (O'Nions et al., 2021), The Autism SIGNS Questionnaire (SIGNS, Learning with autism in Latvian Schools, Sue Leekam, Catherine Jones, Dale Hay, Sarah Barrett, 2017), the Ghent Parental Behavior Scale (GPBS) (Van Leeuwen et al., 2004). The results of the study indicate a statistically significant negative relationship between autism spectrum disorder traits and EDA was revealed (rs = -0.73, p < 0,01), which considering reverse coding represents a positive correlation. Strongest associations were found with verbal communication difficulties (rs = -0,69, p < 0,01) and behavior/interests limitations (rs = -0,66, p < 0,01). Parental rearing behavior was not directly related to EDA, but parents intuitively adapted strategies according to children's ASD traits. Harsh punishment positively predicted EDA (β = 0,14, p < 0,01). The regression model explained 56% of EDA variation, with behavior/interests difficulties, verbal communication problems, and harsh punishment as main predictors. The conducted study allows to conclude that the extreme demand avoidance behavioral pattern model is associated with autism spectrum disorder traits, particularly linked to communication difficulties and stereotypical behavior, which substantiates extreme demand avoidance as a significant component of the ASD spectrum. The study's prognostic model is clinically useful for identifying extreme demand avoidance in children and planning interventions. The research reveals the association of family factors with ASD manifestations, emphasizing the importance of family stability and support.