Latvijas upju hidroloģiskā režīma ilgtermiņa un sezonālās izmaiņas
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Abstract
Promocijas darba mērķis ir izvērtēt Latvijas upju ūdens noteces, virsējā slāņa
ūdens temperatūras un ledus režīma raksturojošo parametru ilgtermiņa un
sezonālās izmaiņas, to reģionālās atšķirības mainīga klimata apstākļos.
Darbā aplūkoti upju hidroloģiskā režīma pētījumi Latvijā un raksturots upju
hidroloģiskais režīms un to ietekmējošie faktori. Analizēti rezultāti par Latvijas
upju hidroloģiskā režīma ilgtermiņa un sezonālajām izmaiņām 20.–21. gadsimtā.
Noteces režīms raksturots, analizējot gada kopējo un vidējo noteci, vasaras
(maijs–oktobris) un ziemas (novembris–februāris) 30 dienu minimālos caurplūdumus
un daudzūdens perioda noteci, kā arī noteces režīma izmaiņas nākotnē.
Raksturojot termisko režīmu, analizēti Latvijas upju siltās sezonas (no maija
līdz oktobrim) ūdens virsējā slāņa mēneša vidējās un gada maksimālās ūdens
temperatūras ilgtermiņa un mēneša trendi un ūdens temperatūras saistība ar
gaisa temperatūru.
Ledus režīma analīzē raksturoti upju aizsalšanas un ledus segas uzlūšanas
datuma trendi un to korelācija ar gaisa temperatūru, kā arī analizēti ledstāves
ilguma trendi un to reģionalizācija, kā arī ledstāves ilguma korelācija ar gaisa
temperatūru. Veikta gada vidējo un maksimālo ledus biezuma rādītāju ilgtermiņa
izmaiņu analīze, kā arī analizēti maksimālie ledus biezumi pa mēnešiem.
Veikta ziemas bardzības indeksa aprēķināšana. Analizēta hidroelektrostaciju
kaskādes (Ķeguma, Pļaviņu un Rīgas) ietekme uz ledus segas izveidošanos un
uzlūšanu, kā arī ledstāves ilgumu Daugavas piemērā.
Atslēgas vārdi: hidroloģiskais režīms, notece, ūdens temperatūra, ledus
režīms, ilgtermiņa un sezonālās izmaiņas, upes, Latvija.
The goal of the dissertation is to evaluate long-term and seasonal changes of the river runoff, water temperature of river upper layer and ice regime parameters under the changing climate conditions and their regional peculiarities in Latvia. The dissertation reviews the studies of the river hydrological regime in Latvia and describes the hydrological regime of rivers and the factors impacting it. The results on the long-term and seasonal changes of the hydrological regime of rivers in Latvia in the 20th – 21st century are analysed. The runoff regime is characterised by analysing the annual total and mean runoff, the summer (May–October) and winter (November–February) minimum discharge and the discharge of the high water period, as well as the future changes of the runoff regime. In the course of describing the thermal regime, the long-term and monthly trends of the monthly mean and maximum water temperature of river upper layer of the warm season of rivers in Latvia (from May to October) and the relation between the water temperature and the air temperature are analysed. Within the analysis of the ice regime, the trends of the freeze-up and the break-up of rivers and their correlation with the air temperature are analysed and the trends of the length of the ice cover and their regionalisation, as well as the correlation between the length of the ice cover and the air temperature are analysed. The analysis of the long-term changes of the annual mean and maximum ice thickness is carried out and the maximum ice thickness monthly indices are analysed. The winter severity index is calculated. The impact of the cascade of hydro power plants (Ķegums, Pļaviņas and Riga) upon the formation and the break-up of the ice cover and the length of the ice cover is analysed on the basis of the Daugava river example. Keywords: hydrological regime, runoff, water temperature, ice regime, longterm and seasonal changes, rivers, Latvia
The goal of the dissertation is to evaluate long-term and seasonal changes of the river runoff, water temperature of river upper layer and ice regime parameters under the changing climate conditions and their regional peculiarities in Latvia. The dissertation reviews the studies of the river hydrological regime in Latvia and describes the hydrological regime of rivers and the factors impacting it. The results on the long-term and seasonal changes of the hydrological regime of rivers in Latvia in the 20th – 21st century are analysed. The runoff regime is characterised by analysing the annual total and mean runoff, the summer (May–October) and winter (November–February) minimum discharge and the discharge of the high water period, as well as the future changes of the runoff regime. In the course of describing the thermal regime, the long-term and monthly trends of the monthly mean and maximum water temperature of river upper layer of the warm season of rivers in Latvia (from May to October) and the relation between the water temperature and the air temperature are analysed. Within the analysis of the ice regime, the trends of the freeze-up and the break-up of rivers and their correlation with the air temperature are analysed and the trends of the length of the ice cover and their regionalisation, as well as the correlation between the length of the ice cover and the air temperature are analysed. The analysis of the long-term changes of the annual mean and maximum ice thickness is carried out and the maximum ice thickness monthly indices are analysed. The winter severity index is calculated. The impact of the cascade of hydro power plants (Ķegums, Pļaviņas and Riga) upon the formation and the break-up of the ice cover and the length of the ice cover is analysed on the basis of the Daugava river example. Keywords: hydrological regime, runoff, water temperature, ice regime, longterm and seasonal changes, rivers, Latvia