Boreālā un nemorālā bioma kokaugu sugu reģionālā izplatība Latvijā
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ANOTĀCIJA
Krampis I. (2010) Boreālā un nemorālā bioma kokaugu sugu reģionālā izplatība Latvijā.
Promocijas darbs. Latvijas Universitāte, Rīga 128 lpp.
Pētījuma mērķis bija noteikt vietējo un svešzemju kokaugu sugu izplatības telpiskās
likumsakarības Latvijā, kas ļautu prognozēt kokaugu sugu izmaiņas reģionālās īpatnības
mainīgā vidē. Darba ietvaros izveidota vienota ĢIS datu bāze, kurā apkopota dažādu resoru
zinātniski pētnieciskās un lietišķās datu bāzes (augu sabiedrību datu bāze, konkrēto floru,
dendroloģisko stādījumu un parku inventarizācijas, Valsts Meža reģistra Meža digitālās
kartes datu bāze, u.c.). Izstrādāta sugu izplatības kartēšanas sistēma, kas balstīta uz
mūsdienu tehnoloģijām. Darba izstrādes laikā autors piedalījies pēdējā laika nozīmīgāko
bioģeogrāfiskās kartēšanas projektu realizācijā, kā rezultātā izveidoti divi sugu izplatības
atlanti - Engures dabas parka floras atlants un Latvijas kokaugu atlants. Pirmo reizi
Latvijā kokaugu sugu izplatības datu bāze sagatavota publicēšanai elektroniskā veidā –
izstrādāta koncepcija Latvijas kokaugu atlanta publicēšanai internetā bāzētā kartē, kuras
pamatā ir iepriekš minētā kokaugu ĢIS datu bāze.
Promocijas darbā, izmantojot izveidotās datu bāzes un kartogrāfiskos materiālus,
analizētas kokaugu izplatības reģionālās īpatnības, izvēloties 20 nemorālā bioma platlapu
sugas, kā arī 14 boreālā bioma skujkoku sugas. Noteiktas likumsakarības kokaugu
izplatībā, vērtējot klimata un cilvēka (antropogēno) faktoru ietekmi. Šim nolūkam veikta
sugu sastopamības izmaiņu gradientanalīze sektoriālā (rietumu austrumu virzienā) un
zonālā (dienvidu ziemeļu virzienā). Latvijas kokaudzi veidojošajām sugām sastopamības
izmaiņas vērtētas arī pa reljefa augstuma izmaiņām.
Vietējo, kā arī naturalizējušos svešzemju kokaugu sugu izvietojums atspoguļo
nemorālā un boreāla bioma ietekmes reģionus Latvijā, kur nemorālā bioma audžu
rakstursugu lielāks īpatsvars ir valsts rietumu daļā, turpretim boreālā skujkoku bioma –
valsts ziemeļaustrumu daļā. Platlapu sugu izplatība raksturojama ar gradientu no Baltijas
jūras piekrastes uz Latvijas austrumu robežu (rietumu austrumu virzienā). Boreālā bioma
kokaugu sugu izplatību Latvijā ietekmē vietas augstuma (hipsometriskā līmeņa) izmaiņas.
Atslēgas vārdi: Kokaugu izplatība, Bioģeogrāfiskā kartēšana, augu atlants, ģeogrāfiskās
informācijas sistēmas, Latvija
ANNOTATION Krampis I. (2010) Regional distribution of boreal and nemoral biome tree plants in Latvia Dissertation. Univrsity of Latvia, Riga 128 pp. The aim of the research was to determinate a pattern of spatial distribution of native and foreign tree plant species in Latvia that would allow to set distribution changes of tree plants species in changing environmental conditions. During the study, unitary GIS database was created in which a number of scientific and applied databases were captured (data base of plant communities; inventories of concrete flora, investigation results of dendrological plantings and parks; digital database of forestry maps from State Forest register, etc.). A methodological system of species distribution mapping was developed, based on modern GIS technologies. Within research, the author has participated in recent major biogeographical mapping projects in Latvia. As a result, two atlases of species distribution were published – Atlas of the Flora of the Lake Engure Nature Park and Atlas of Latvian Woody Plants. For the first time in Latvia, the data base of distribution of woody plants was prepared to publish digitally – the methodology for publishing the Atlas of Latvian Woody plants on web based map was established. To provide that, source information from previously mentioned woody plants GIS database were used. Within the study were analyzed 20 nemoral biome broadleaf tree species and 14 boreal biome coniferous tree species to determine indicators of regional distribution for tree plants in Latvia. As source data were used voluminous GIS data base and map material of Atlas of Latvian Woody Plants. Regional distribution for tree plants was defined by analyzing climate and anthropogenic impacts on species. Gradient analysis in changes of species occurrence were completed spectrally (direction west-east) and zonally (direction south-north). Distribution of tree stand species were analyzed taking into account changes of elevation (altitude) as well. Native as well as naturalized foreign tree plants distribution marks out regions in Latvia with nemoral and boreal biome impacts. Nemoral biome stand indicator species are more common in the western part of the country, but boreal coniferous tree biome – in the north-eastern part of the country. Broadleaf species may be characterized with gradient from the Baltic seashore to eastern border of Latvia (west-east direction). In Latvia, boreal biome woody plant distribution is influenced by altitude changes (hypsometrical level). Key words: Distribution of tree plants, Biogeographical mapping, Atlas of species, Geographic information systems, Latvia
ANNOTATION Krampis I. (2010) Regional distribution of boreal and nemoral biome tree plants in Latvia Dissertation. Univrsity of Latvia, Riga 128 pp. The aim of the research was to determinate a pattern of spatial distribution of native and foreign tree plant species in Latvia that would allow to set distribution changes of tree plants species in changing environmental conditions. During the study, unitary GIS database was created in which a number of scientific and applied databases were captured (data base of plant communities; inventories of concrete flora, investigation results of dendrological plantings and parks; digital database of forestry maps from State Forest register, etc.). A methodological system of species distribution mapping was developed, based on modern GIS technologies. Within research, the author has participated in recent major biogeographical mapping projects in Latvia. As a result, two atlases of species distribution were published – Atlas of the Flora of the Lake Engure Nature Park and Atlas of Latvian Woody Plants. For the first time in Latvia, the data base of distribution of woody plants was prepared to publish digitally – the methodology for publishing the Atlas of Latvian Woody plants on web based map was established. To provide that, source information from previously mentioned woody plants GIS database were used. Within the study were analyzed 20 nemoral biome broadleaf tree species and 14 boreal biome coniferous tree species to determine indicators of regional distribution for tree plants in Latvia. As source data were used voluminous GIS data base and map material of Atlas of Latvian Woody Plants. Regional distribution for tree plants was defined by analyzing climate and anthropogenic impacts on species. Gradient analysis in changes of species occurrence were completed spectrally (direction west-east) and zonally (direction south-north). Distribution of tree stand species were analyzed taking into account changes of elevation (altitude) as well. Native as well as naturalized foreign tree plants distribution marks out regions in Latvia with nemoral and boreal biome impacts. Nemoral biome stand indicator species are more common in the western part of the country, but boreal coniferous tree biome – in the north-eastern part of the country. Broadleaf species may be characterized with gradient from the Baltic seashore to eastern border of Latvia (west-east direction). In Latvia, boreal biome woody plant distribution is influenced by altitude changes (hypsometrical level). Key words: Distribution of tree plants, Biogeographical mapping, Atlas of species, Geographic information systems, Latvia