Psiholoģisko pamatvajadzību apmierinātības, izjustā dzīvesspēka, empātijas un emociju regulācijas prasmju saistības ar piedzīvoto bulingu 15-18 gadīgu jauniešu vidū
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Latvijas Universitāte
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lav
Abstract
Maģistra darba mērķis bija noskaidrot, vai un kādas saistības pastāv starp bulinga un kiberbulinga pieredzi, psiholoģisko pamatvajadzību apmierinātību, izjusto dzīvesspēku, empātiju un emociju regulācijas prasmēm. Vienlaikus tika aplūkotas atšķirības dažādās bulinga pieredzes grupās. Izlase (N=378) tika dalīta četrās grupās – upuris (n=116), veicējs (n=23), upuris/veicējs (n=89), neitrāls (n=150). Dalījums tika veikts izmantojot Olveusa pāridarītāju/upuru aptauju (Olweus, 2007) un Eiropas kiberbulinga intervences projekta aptauju (Rey et al., 2015). Lai aplūkotu aizsargājošos faktorus, tika izmantota psiholoģisko pamatvajadzību apmierinātības un frustrācijas skala (Chen et al., 2015), Dzīvesspēka aptauja pieaugušajiem (Friborg et al., 2003), Empātijas skala (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006) un Emociju regulācijas aptauja (Gross & John, 2003). Pētījuma rezultāti norāda, ka pastāv statistiski nozīmīgas atšķirības starp ar bulingu nesaistītiem jauniešiem un bulinga veicējiem, salīdzinot ar bulinga upuriem un bulinga upuriem/veicējiem. Nozīmīgākās saistības starp grupām ir psiholoģisko pamatvajadzību apmierinātībā un izjustajā dzīvesspēkā. Pētījumā aplūkoto saistību rezultāti parāda negatīvu korelāciju starp jebkādu bulinga pieredzi, psiholoģisko pamatvajadzību apmierinātību, piederības un kompetences izjūtu. Vienlaikus negatīvas saistības ir starp bulinga pieredzi un izjusto dzīvesspēku, sevis un nākotnes uztveri, ģimenes saskaņu, sociālajiem resursiem un strukturēto stilu. Lielāki sociālie resursi, pozitīvāka nākotnes uztvere, piederības izjūta, ģimenes saskaņa, strukturētais stils un kognitīvā empātija prognozē mazāku bulinga pieredzi. Pētījuma rezultāti ļauj secināt, ka augstāka psiholoģisko pamatvajadzību apmierinātība, izjustais dzīvesspēks un empātija ir saistāma ar bulinga pieredzes mazināšanu. Vienlaikus veicot preventīvus pasākumus bulinga mazināšanai būtu nozīmīgi jauniešos stiprināt pētījumā aplūkotos aizsargājošos faktorus.
The aim of this master's thesis was to determine whether and how experiences of bullying and cyberbullying are related to psychological basic need satisfaction, resilience, empathy, and emotion regulation skills. Differences among various bullying experience groups were also explored. The sample (N=378) was divided into four groups – victim (n=116), bully (n=23), bully–victim (n=89), and neutral (n=150) – based on the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (Olweus, 2007) and the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (Rey et al., 2015). This research used four questionnaires to examine protective factors – the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (Chen et al., 2015), Resilience Scale for Adults (Friborg et al., 2003), Empathy Scale (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003). The findings revealed statistically significant differences between natural adolescents and bullies compared to victims and bully–victims. The most substantial differences were observed in psychological basic need satisfaction and experienced resilience. Correlation analyses showed negative relationships between any bullying experience and psychological basic need satisfaction, sense of belonging, and sense of competence. Likewise, bullying experiences negatively correlated with experienced resilience, self-perception, future orientation, family cohesion, social resources, and structured style in everyday life. Higher social resources, more positive future orientation, sense of belonging, family cohesion, structured style, and cognitive empathy predicted lower bullying experiences. The results suggest that higher satisfaction of basic psychological needs, increased resilience, and empathy are associated with reduced bullying experiences. Thus, preventive measures to reduce bullying should aim to strengthen these protective factors among adolescents.
The aim of this master's thesis was to determine whether and how experiences of bullying and cyberbullying are related to psychological basic need satisfaction, resilience, empathy, and emotion regulation skills. Differences among various bullying experience groups were also explored. The sample (N=378) was divided into four groups – victim (n=116), bully (n=23), bully–victim (n=89), and neutral (n=150) – based on the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (Olweus, 2007) and the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (Rey et al., 2015). This research used four questionnaires to examine protective factors – the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (Chen et al., 2015), Resilience Scale for Adults (Friborg et al., 2003), Empathy Scale (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003). The findings revealed statistically significant differences between natural adolescents and bullies compared to victims and bully–victims. The most substantial differences were observed in psychological basic need satisfaction and experienced resilience. Correlation analyses showed negative relationships between any bullying experience and psychological basic need satisfaction, sense of belonging, and sense of competence. Likewise, bullying experiences negatively correlated with experienced resilience, self-perception, future orientation, family cohesion, social resources, and structured style in everyday life. Higher social resources, more positive future orientation, sense of belonging, family cohesion, structured style, and cognitive empathy predicted lower bullying experiences. The results suggest that higher satisfaction of basic psychological needs, increased resilience, and empathy are associated with reduced bullying experiences. Thus, preventive measures to reduce bullying should aim to strengthen these protective factors among adolescents.