Apmierinātību ar dzīvi prognozējošie faktori: kvantitatīva un kvalitatīva analīze
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Anotācija
Lai iegūtu plašāku priekšstatu par apmierinātības ar dzīvi prognozējošajiem
mainīgajiem Latvijā un to, kas ir pamatā apmierinātības ar dzīvi spriedumiem,
pētījuma ietvaros tika veikta gan kvantitatīva to datu analīze, kas ievākti ar
pašnovērtējuma aptaujām, gan arī kvalitatīva teksta analīze pēc kontentanalīzes
principiem, kur tika analizēti respondentu skaidrojumi savam apmierinātības ar dzīvi
spriedumam. Pētījumā kopumā piedalījās 605 respondenti vecumā no 18 līdz 70
gadiem. Pētījumā izmantotās aptaujas ir ar augstu ticamību un validitāti, kas pierādīta
arī šī pētījuma ietvaros. Iegūtie rezultāti attiecībā uz apmierinātības ar dzīvi vidējiem
rādītājiem liecina, ka 2008.gada vasarā Latvijā respondenti bija ar dzīvi vairāk
apmierināti nekā neapmierināti. Būtiskākais AADz prognozējošais mainīgais izlasē
kopumā ir apmierinātība ar personisko attīstību raksturojošām dzīves sfērām. Tāpat
nozīmīga ir arī apmierinātība ar tuvām attiecībām un apmierinātība ar politiski
finansiālo situāciju, pozitīvie, negatīvie afekti, pozitīvo dzīves notikumu skaits, savas
materiālās situācijas novērtējums, izglītība un reliģiskā piederība. Visbiežāk
apmierinātības ar dzīvi skaidrojumos tiek pieminētas dažādas dzīves sfēras, no kurām
visvairāk respondenti min attiecības, personisko attīstību un pilnveidošanos, kā arī
finansiālo situāciju. Skaidrojot spriedumus par apmierinātību ar dzīvi, respondenti
veic arī subjektīvu aptaujas apgalvojumu interpretāciju.Respondentu atbildes norāda
uz to, ka šīs aptaujas kvantitatīvie rezultāti var neraksturot tādu apmierinātību ar
dzīvi, kādu subjektīvi izjūt indivīds. Respondentu atbildes vedina domāt par
iespējamām sociokulturālām atšķirībām saistībā ar to, kā šīs aptaujas apgalvojumi
tiek interpretēti. Lai iegūtu pilnīgāku ieskatu tajā, uz ko pamatojoties tiek izdarīti
spriedumi par apmierinātību, īpaši vērtīga būtu padziļināto interviju izmantošana.
Iegūtie rezultāti var kalpot par pamatojumu dažādu programmu izstrādei, kas būtu
orientētas uz personības izaugsmes un subjektīvās labklājības veicināšanu.
Atslēgvārdi: apmierinātība ar dzīvi, apmierinātība ar dzīves sfērām
Abstract Research indicates that life satisfaction judgments may be influenced by many different factors, but there is no clear evidence how these judgments are constructed. The purpose of the current study was to find out sources of life satisfaction judgments using both a quantitative and qualitative approach. Respondents (N=605), from different backgrounds aged 18 - 70 participated in this study. Self report measures were used to access life satisfaction (SWLS), satisfaction with life domains, stressful life events and positive and negative affects (PANAS). Immediately after completing the life satisfaction questionnaire, respondents were asked to write down their thoughts while completing it. A qualitative approach based on content analysis principles was used to analyze these responses. Participants’ scores on the SWLS reflected more satisfaction than dissatisfaction. Satisfaction with personal development, close relationships, political/ financial aspects are most highly predictive of life satisfaction. Specifically for respondents with the lowest financial situation the most predictive for life satisfaction was the number of positive life events, personal development and positive affects. Satisfaction with personal development and positive affects were the most predictive factors for respondents with highest financial situation. Content analysis shows that the sources of LS judgement most often mentioned were relationships, financial situation, personal development, goals and education. Qualitative data supported the importance of life domains for life satisfaction judgments, specifically, the importance of personal development and close relationships. Comments on the items of the SWLS questionnaire are the most unexpected responses we found in qualitative data. It seems possible that responses to LS questionnaire items may provide misleading information about the actual subjectively experienced level of life satisfaction. This finding raises questions of culture-specific interpretations involved in life satisfaction judgments which were not addressed in the current research. This limitation points to directions for future research which could address these issues by placing an emphasis upon in-depth interviewing. In the future appropriate life-satisfaction promoting programs could be established with an emphasis upon increasing and promoting satisfaction within these domains. Keywords: satisfaction with life, domain satisfaction
Abstract Research indicates that life satisfaction judgments may be influenced by many different factors, but there is no clear evidence how these judgments are constructed. The purpose of the current study was to find out sources of life satisfaction judgments using both a quantitative and qualitative approach. Respondents (N=605), from different backgrounds aged 18 - 70 participated in this study. Self report measures were used to access life satisfaction (SWLS), satisfaction with life domains, stressful life events and positive and negative affects (PANAS). Immediately after completing the life satisfaction questionnaire, respondents were asked to write down their thoughts while completing it. A qualitative approach based on content analysis principles was used to analyze these responses. Participants’ scores on the SWLS reflected more satisfaction than dissatisfaction. Satisfaction with personal development, close relationships, political/ financial aspects are most highly predictive of life satisfaction. Specifically for respondents with the lowest financial situation the most predictive for life satisfaction was the number of positive life events, personal development and positive affects. Satisfaction with personal development and positive affects were the most predictive factors for respondents with highest financial situation. Content analysis shows that the sources of LS judgement most often mentioned were relationships, financial situation, personal development, goals and education. Qualitative data supported the importance of life domains for life satisfaction judgments, specifically, the importance of personal development and close relationships. Comments on the items of the SWLS questionnaire are the most unexpected responses we found in qualitative data. It seems possible that responses to LS questionnaire items may provide misleading information about the actual subjectively experienced level of life satisfaction. This finding raises questions of culture-specific interpretations involved in life satisfaction judgments which were not addressed in the current research. This limitation points to directions for future research which could address these issues by placing an emphasis upon in-depth interviewing. In the future appropriate life-satisfaction promoting programs could be established with an emphasis upon increasing and promoting satisfaction within these domains. Keywords: satisfaction with life, domain satisfaction