Nacionālā apdraudējuma konstrukcija laikrakstu "Diena" un "Neatkarīgā Rīta Avīze"ārpolitiskajos komentāros (2003─2006)
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Abstract
Bakalaura darbs “Nacionālā apdraudējuma konstrukcija laikrakstu “Diena” un
„Neatkarīgā Rīta Avīze” ārpolitiskajos komentāros (2003 – 2005)”, balstoties uz sociālā
konstruktīvisma atziņu, ka starptautiskā sistēma nepastāv pati par sevi, bet gan tiek veidota
cilvēku apziņā, Latvijai intensīvu pārmaiņu (iestāšanās ES un NATO) periodā pievēršas
nacionālā apdraudējuma konstrukcijas analīzei latviešu nacionālo dienas laikrakstu “Diena”
un “NRA” ārpolitiskajos komentāros. Šajā pētījumā iekļauti 273 laikrakstā „Diena” un 135
„NRA” publicētie ārpolitiskie komentāri. Vadoties pēc drošības politikas zinātnieku Oles
Vīvera, Henninga Bekles, Jorga Nadolla un Berharda Štāla pieejas ārējā un nacionālās
drošības diskursa pētniecībai un drošības politikas pētnieka Barija Buzana izstrādā draudu
klasifikatora ar Kritiskās diskursa analīzes palīdzību, secināju, ka abos laikrakstos
nacionālā apdraudējuma konstrukcijas ievērojami atšķiras.
Laikraksts “Diena” kā galveno apdraudējumu Latvijas nacionālajai drošībai min politiskos
un sociālos draudus, par galveno apdraudējuma faktoru minot Krievijas neoimperiālistiskās
tieksmes, tās amatpersonu centienus šķelt Latvijas sabiedrību un īstenot ekonomisko
šantāžu. Tāpat “Diena” par vienu no galvenajiem draudiem min Irākas kara kontekstā
radušās plaisas starp ES un ASV radītās sekas, kas ietekmē Latvijas stratēģisko
pozicionējumu starptautiskajā politikā.
Laikrakstā “NRA” konstruētais nacionālais apdraudējums galvenokārt ar saistās ar
ekonomiskiem draudiem, ko rada Latvijas atkarība no Krievijas energoresursiem, un
politiskiem draudiem, ko “NRA” sākotnēji identificē ar Krieviju, pēcāk ar ASV un Eiropas
Savienību - ASV par starptautiskās sistēmas destabilizēšanu, starptautiskā terorisma
izplatības veicināšanu un Savienoto Valstu centieniem iejaukties Latvijas iekšpolitikā`.
Bakalaura darbs sastāv no divām daļām: teorētiskās un empīriskās. Teorētiskajā daļā
izklāstīta sociālā konstruktīvisma pieeja starptautiskajām attiecībām un nacionālā drošības
diskursa veidošanās teorētiskās pamatnostādnes. Empīriskā daļa ietver laikrakstu “Diena”
un “NRA” veidotā nacionālā apdraudējuma konstrukcijas analīzi.
Atslēgas vārdi: Nacionālais drošības diskurss, ārpolitikas komentāri, nacionālā
drošības identitāte, “Diena”, “NRA”, sociālais konstruktīvisms, vēsturiskā diskursa
metode
The bachelor’s thesis titled “Construction of national threats in the foreign affairs’ editorials of newspapers “Diena” and „Neatkariga Rita Avize” (2003 –2005)” focuses on the construction of national threats in foreign affairs’ ediotorials of two major Latvian newspapers based on the argument of social constructivism that there is no external objective reality as such, but one that is created as inter-subjective awareness among people. This research contains analysis of 273 foreign affairs’ editorisals published in „Diena” and 135 – in „NRA”. The findings of the research, which are conducted according to Critical Discourse Analysis and are based on the approach taken by national security scholars such as Ole Weaver, Henning Boekle, JĻrg Nadoll and Bernhard Stahl and threat classification by Barry Buzan, reveal that the construction of national threats differ in newspapers “Diena” and “Neatkariga Rita Avize”. „Diena” puts emphasis on political and social threats, where Russia’s neo-imperial aspiration becomes the main source of danger for Latvian national security. The other major threat to Latvia are the consequences bound to the rift between EU and USA that appeared in relation to the war in Iraq. This according to “Diena” affects Latvia’s strategic position in world politics. “Neatkariga Rita Avize” puts emphasis on economic threats, mainly bound to Latvia’s dependance on Russia’s energy resources, and political threats that are initially identified with Russia, later with the United States of America, which are presented as a threat due to their destabilization of the international system, aiding international terorism and classified as a threat because of their attempts to interfere in Latvian internal affairs. The bachelor’s thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part outlines social constructivism approach to international relations and the theoretical fundaments of national security discourse formation. The empirical part contains results of the analysis national threats in newspapers “Diena” and “Neatkariga Rita Avize”. Key words: National security discourse; foreign affairs’ editorials; national security identity; „Diena”, „NRA”, social constructivism, Discourse - historical approach
The bachelor’s thesis titled “Construction of national threats in the foreign affairs’ editorials of newspapers “Diena” and „Neatkariga Rita Avize” (2003 –2005)” focuses on the construction of national threats in foreign affairs’ ediotorials of two major Latvian newspapers based on the argument of social constructivism that there is no external objective reality as such, but one that is created as inter-subjective awareness among people. This research contains analysis of 273 foreign affairs’ editorisals published in „Diena” and 135 – in „NRA”. The findings of the research, which are conducted according to Critical Discourse Analysis and are based on the approach taken by national security scholars such as Ole Weaver, Henning Boekle, JĻrg Nadoll and Bernhard Stahl and threat classification by Barry Buzan, reveal that the construction of national threats differ in newspapers “Diena” and “Neatkariga Rita Avize”. „Diena” puts emphasis on political and social threats, where Russia’s neo-imperial aspiration becomes the main source of danger for Latvian national security. The other major threat to Latvia are the consequences bound to the rift between EU and USA that appeared in relation to the war in Iraq. This according to “Diena” affects Latvia’s strategic position in world politics. “Neatkariga Rita Avize” puts emphasis on economic threats, mainly bound to Latvia’s dependance on Russia’s energy resources, and political threats that are initially identified with Russia, later with the United States of America, which are presented as a threat due to their destabilization of the international system, aiding international terorism and classified as a threat because of their attempts to interfere in Latvian internal affairs. The bachelor’s thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part outlines social constructivism approach to international relations and the theoretical fundaments of national security discourse formation. The empirical part contains results of the analysis national threats in newspapers “Diena” and “Neatkariga Rita Avize”. Key words: National security discourse; foreign affairs’ editorials; national security identity; „Diena”, „NRA”, social constructivism, Discourse - historical approach