Redze paaugstinātas gaismas izkliedes apstākļos
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Anotācija
Pilnvērtīga autovadītāju redzes kvalitātes novērtēšana joprojām ir aktuāls jautājums
redzes aprūpē. Pašlaik galvenie parametri redzes funkciju novērtēšanai ir redzes asums,
redzes lauks un kontrastredze. Šajā darbā ir apskatīts vēl viens svarīgs redzes kvalitātes
parametrs – acī izkliedētās gaismas (saukta arī par acī „noklīdušo” gaismu) pakāpe.
Darbā ir pētīts, kā paaugstināts acī „noklīdušās” gaismas līmenis, kuru rada acs
fizioloăiskie vai apkārtējās vides faktori (migla), ietekmē dažādu krāsu (sarkanas, zaĜas vai
zilas) stimulu uztveri. Tika noteikts, vai paaugstinātas gaismas izkliedes apstākĜus, kurus rada
katarakta vai migla, var simulēt ar šėidro kristālu plāksnīti PDLC (polymer-dispersed liquid
crystal). Darbā tika pārbaudīts, vai literatūrā atrodamie rezultāti, kuri uzrāda redzes funkciju
uzlabojumu, skatoties caur dzeltenās krāsas filtriem, ir saistāmi ar optiskiem efektiem (īso
gaismas viĜĦu absorbēšanu un gaismas izkliedes mazināšanu) vai neirāliem (izmaiĦas stimula
spožuma uztverē u.c.). Vēl tika apskatīts, kā acij priekšā novietota neliela izmēra apertūra
izmaina acī „noklīdušo” gaismu.
Mērījumi tika veikti, izmantojot trīs metodes - redzes asuma psihofizikālos mērījumus
dažādos apgaismojuma apstākĜos, elektrofizioloăijas metodi redzes izsauktie potenciāli VEP
(visual evoked potentials) un tiešo kompensācijas metodi – psihofizikālu metodi acī
„noklīdušās” gaismas daudzuma noteikšanai.
Redzes asuma un VEP mērījumi gan parastos, gan paaugstinātas gaismas izkliedes
apstākĜos uzrādīja vissliktākos rezultātus zilās krāsas stimuliem, salīdzinot ar sarkanās un
zaĜās krāsas stimuliem. Rezultāti parādīja, ka krāsainu stimulu uztveri paaugstinātos gaismas
izkliedes apstākĜos pārsvarā ietekmē neirālie faktori, ne optiskie.
Izmantojot PDLC plāksnīti, ir iespējams radīt tādu pašu „noklīdušās” gaismas daudzumu
kā biezas miglas vai kataraktas gadījumā. PDLC plāksnīte šādu apstākĜu simulācijai ir
pielietojama tikai vienkrāsainu stimulu gadījumā, jo uzrāda spektrālo atkarību izkliedētajai
gaismai. Miglas un augstas pakāpes kataraktas gadījumā acī „noklīdušajai” gaismai nav
spektrālās atkarības.
„Noklīdušās” gaismas mērījumi ar tiešo kompensācijas metodi parādīja, ka dzeltenais
filtrs nesamazina gaismas izkliedi acī.
Rezultāti ar neliela izmēra apertūru, novietotu priekšā acij, parādīja, ka šādā veidā ir
iespējams novērtēt caur acs sieniĦām izgājušās gaismas daudzumu.
Annotation Assessment of visual quality of drivers arouses many discussions among visual care specialists. Some of the most significant parameters for assessment of vision for drivers are visual acuity and visual field. Now Also usefulness of contrast sensitivity tests is discussed. In this work we investigate another important visual parameter – light scattering in the eye (straylight). First aim of the study was to evaluate impact of retinal straylight, created by entoptic and ectoptic factors on perception of colored (red, green and blue) visual stimuli. Second aim was to assess possibility to simulate high level light scattering conditions (fog, cataract) using light scattering filter - polymer-dispersed liquid crystal plate PDLC. We also wanted to check out is it improvement of vision, when yellow filter is used, related with optical factors (absorbing of short wavelengths light and decrease of light scattering) or neural ones (changes in perceived brightness of stimuli). The last, we estimated how small aperture in front of the eye changes retinal stray light. During researches three methods were used - visual acuity measurements in normal conditions and in high light scattering conditions; an electrophysiological method visual evoked potentials (VEP) and a direct compensation method (van den Berg, 1986). Visual acuity and VEP measurements showed the worst results for blue color stimuli in normal and high light scattering conditions. Results showed that in high light scattering conditions perception of colored stimuli is mostly influenced by neural factors not optical. Using PDLC plate it is possible to get the same light scattering level as created by dense fog or cataract. There is no spectral dependence for scattered light in dense fog or in case of cataract. PDLC plate showed spectral dependence for scattered light. Such spectral dependence means that PDLC plates can adequately simulate the scattering produced by cataract or fog when achromatic stimuli are used. Psychophysical retinal straylight measurement showed that yellow filter doesn’t decrease amount of straylight in the eye. Improvement of contrast sensitivity in low light condition with yellow filters found by other authors is more related to neural mechanisms than to optical ones. Results with aperture showed that it is possible to use a small aperture for evaluation of amount of the light which penetrates through the sclera and the iris.
Annotation Assessment of visual quality of drivers arouses many discussions among visual care specialists. Some of the most significant parameters for assessment of vision for drivers are visual acuity and visual field. Now Also usefulness of contrast sensitivity tests is discussed. In this work we investigate another important visual parameter – light scattering in the eye (straylight). First aim of the study was to evaluate impact of retinal straylight, created by entoptic and ectoptic factors on perception of colored (red, green and blue) visual stimuli. Second aim was to assess possibility to simulate high level light scattering conditions (fog, cataract) using light scattering filter - polymer-dispersed liquid crystal plate PDLC. We also wanted to check out is it improvement of vision, when yellow filter is used, related with optical factors (absorbing of short wavelengths light and decrease of light scattering) or neural ones (changes in perceived brightness of stimuli). The last, we estimated how small aperture in front of the eye changes retinal stray light. During researches three methods were used - visual acuity measurements in normal conditions and in high light scattering conditions; an electrophysiological method visual evoked potentials (VEP) and a direct compensation method (van den Berg, 1986). Visual acuity and VEP measurements showed the worst results for blue color stimuli in normal and high light scattering conditions. Results showed that in high light scattering conditions perception of colored stimuli is mostly influenced by neural factors not optical. Using PDLC plate it is possible to get the same light scattering level as created by dense fog or cataract. There is no spectral dependence for scattered light in dense fog or in case of cataract. PDLC plate showed spectral dependence for scattered light. Such spectral dependence means that PDLC plates can adequately simulate the scattering produced by cataract or fog when achromatic stimuli are used. Psychophysical retinal straylight measurement showed that yellow filter doesn’t decrease amount of straylight in the eye. Improvement of contrast sensitivity in low light condition with yellow filters found by other authors is more related to neural mechanisms than to optical ones. Results with aperture showed that it is possible to use a small aperture for evaluation of amount of the light which penetrates through the sclera and the iris.