Meža nozares rīcības politikas ietekme uz meža ainavu struktūru Ziemeļvidzemes biosfēras rezervātā
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Promocijas darbs veltīts Ziemeļvidzemes biosfēras rezervāta meža ainavu dinamikas izpētei meža nozares rīcības politikas kontekstā. Meža ainavu ekoloģiskā struktūra, tajā skaitā ainavas raksts, izcirtumu un veco mežaudžu ģeogrāfiskais izvietojums, pētīts valsts, Rīgas pašvaldības un privāto īpašnieku mežos reģionālā, ainavas un lokālā mērogā. Pētījumā izmantotas kvantitatīvas analīzes metodes – ainavu telpiskā raksta indikatori un telpiskās analīzes rīki. Pētījuma rezultāti parāda, ka valsts un pašvaldības mežos līdz 2008. gadam izcirtumu telpisko struktūru galvenokārt noteica audzes vecumstruktūra un piekļuves iespējas, bet pēc 2008. gada būtiska nozīme ir ciršanas apjoma palielināšanai, cirsmu koncentrācijas stratēģijas ieviešanai un jaunu meža autoceļu izbūvei, kas palielināja audžu sasniedzamību. Privāto īpašnieku mežaudžu telpisko struktūru nosaka apstāklis, ka daudzi meži ir veidojušies, dabiski aizaugot bijušajām lauksaimniecības zemēm. Privātie īpašnieki, salīdzinot ar valsts un pašvaldības mežu apsaimniekotājiem, daudz vairāk ir izmantojuši valsts meža rīcības politikas atbalstīto dabisko meža atjaunošanu, kā rezultātā privāto īpašnieku meža masīvos izplatītas jaunaudzes ar lielu baltalkšņu un apšu īpatsvaru. VAS „Latvijas valsts meži” īstenotā meža rīcības politika, izdalot dabiskos meža biotopus un ekomežus, būtiski uzlabo konektivitāti starp mežaudzēm īpaši aizsargājamās dabas teritorijās, kurās noteikts galvenās cirtes aizliegums.
Atslēgvārdi: ainavu indikatori, mežizstrāde, telpiskais raksts, dabiskie meža biotopi, ekomeži.
Doctoral thesis is devoted to the study of dynamics of forest landscapes within the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve in the context of forest sector policy. The structure and dynamics of forest landscapes were studied at regional, landscape and local scales for spatial patterns of overmature stands and clearcuts in forest landscapes owned by state, Riga municipality and private owners. The study utilized quantitative methods – landscape metrics and spatial analysis tools. Results showed that spatial pattern of clearcuts in state and municipality forest tracts before 2008 was mainly influenced by stand age structure and accessibility of harvested stands, but after 2008 – by increased harvesting volume, concentrated felling and the building of new forest roads. The spatial pattern of private forest stands is influenced by the fact that they have formed by natural afforestation of abandoned agricultural lands. Compared to state and municipality forests, the managers of private forests have much more relied on the forest policy preference for natural afforestation, which resulted in increased proportions of grey alder and aspen stands. Forest policy implemented by Joint Stock Company „Latvijas valsts meži” includes the designation and protection of high conservation value forests and woodland key habitats promotes connectivity of protected stands with harvesting restrictions. Keywords: forest harvesting, high conservation value forests, landscape metrics, spatial pattern, woodland key habitats.
Doctoral thesis is devoted to the study of dynamics of forest landscapes within the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve in the context of forest sector policy. The structure and dynamics of forest landscapes were studied at regional, landscape and local scales for spatial patterns of overmature stands and clearcuts in forest landscapes owned by state, Riga municipality and private owners. The study utilized quantitative methods – landscape metrics and spatial analysis tools. Results showed that spatial pattern of clearcuts in state and municipality forest tracts before 2008 was mainly influenced by stand age structure and accessibility of harvested stands, but after 2008 – by increased harvesting volume, concentrated felling and the building of new forest roads. The spatial pattern of private forest stands is influenced by the fact that they have formed by natural afforestation of abandoned agricultural lands. Compared to state and municipality forests, the managers of private forests have much more relied on the forest policy preference for natural afforestation, which resulted in increased proportions of grey alder and aspen stands. Forest policy implemented by Joint Stock Company „Latvijas valsts meži” includes the designation and protection of high conservation value forests and woodland key habitats promotes connectivity of protected stands with harvesting restrictions. Keywords: forest harvesting, high conservation value forests, landscape metrics, spatial pattern, woodland key habitats.