Latvijas importa analīze un prognoze
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Latvijas Universitāte
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Abstract
Viena no nozīmīgākām pazīmēm, kuras raksturo valsts ekonomikas stāvokli un
attīstības līmeni, ir ārējās tirdzniecības bilance. Sakarā ar Latvijas ekonomikas situācijas
pasliktināšanu, un, ar to saistītu, ārējās tirdzniecības negatīvās bilances strauju pieaugumu,
importa analīzes un prognozes jautājuma nozīme vairāk kārt pieauga.
Jau ilgāku laiku pieaug bezdarba līmenis Latvijā, līdz ar ko pasliktinās iedzīvotāju
pirktspēja, kura, neapšaubāmi, ietekmē valsts ārējo tirdzniecību. Lai pieņemtu pareizus
lēmumus valsts līmenī, ir nepieciešams izanalizēt esošo situāciju un spēt prognozēt nākotnes
situāciju attiecībā uz importa apjomiem.
Maģistra darba mērķis ir izanalizēt Latvijas importa struktūru un apjomu izmaiņas;
veikt Latvijas importa prognozes, pamatojoties uz ekspertu viedokļiem, anketēšanas
rezultātiem un ar statistisko metožu palīdzību; izdarīt secinājumus un sniegt priekšlikumus
importa ietekmes uz valsts ekonomiku uzlabošanai un importa prognozēšanas efektivitātes
paaugstināšanai.
Maģistra darba pētījuma gaitā tika konstatēts, ka pēc vairākuma ekspertu prognozēm
Latvijas darba tirgū sagaidāms bezdarba līmeņa pieaugums līdz 2010.gada beigām, un, līdz ar
to, arī importa apjomos sagaidāma negatīva tendence. Veiktā statistiskā prognoze rada, ka
negatīva tendence importa apjomu samazināšanā nebūs tik strauja, kāda tā ir bijusi pagājušā
gadā. Un, līdz ar stabilizēšanos darba tirgū, iespējams, gada beigās, var sagaidīt importa
apjomu pozitīvo dinamiku. Tomēr, katras analīzes atsevišķi paņemtie rezultāti savas
subjektivitātes dēļ nerada veiktās prognozes augsto ticamības līmeni. Latvijas importa
ekspertu viedokļu analīzē un statistiskā prognozēšanā iegūtie dati ir saskaņojami ar aptaujas
rezultātā iegūtiem datiem, kuri pierāda patērētāju pesimistisku noskaņojumu, kurš izraisa
atturēšanos no pārmērīgiem un dārgākiem pirkumiem, saistību ar pirktspējas samazināšanu
un, līdz ar šo, arī iegādāto importa preču apjomu samazināšanu.
One of the indicators, which characterize economical condition of the country and shows the level of its development, is an external trade balance. Due to the crisis in the Latvian economy, and related, the negative increase of the external trade balance, an analyze and forecasting of imports became especially important. The longest rising of unemployment in Latvia shows a negative impact for the purchasing power of the population, which, of course, affect the country's external trade. To make the right decisions at the national level, it is necessary to analyze the situation and to be able to predict the future situation with regard to imports. The aim of the Master's Thesis is to analyze a structure and volume of Latvian imports and their historical dynamics; to make forecasts for Latvian import’s volume, which is based on expert opinions, the results of questionnaires and statistical methods; to draw conclusions and make proposals to the positive impact of imports on Latvian economy and improve forecasting methods to reach the highest affectivity of it. The research of the Master's Thesis shows that Latvian economical experts forecast that the rate of unemployment in the labour market is expected to increase during the 2010, and, hence, a negative trend in the import volumes is expected. The statistical researches show that the negative trend in the volume of imports will not be as strong as it was last year. And, thus stabilizing the labour market, possibly at the end of 2010, we can expect a positive trend in volume of Latvian imports. Each analysis separately gives subjective results, that is why such forecasts has no high level of confidence. An opinions of Latvian economical experts and results of statistical research harmonize in the results of questionnaire, which demonstrate the pessimistic consumer sentiment, which have a relationship with the reduction in purchasing power and, consequently, this also with the volume of imports decrease.
One of the indicators, which characterize economical condition of the country and shows the level of its development, is an external trade balance. Due to the crisis in the Latvian economy, and related, the negative increase of the external trade balance, an analyze and forecasting of imports became especially important. The longest rising of unemployment in Latvia shows a negative impact for the purchasing power of the population, which, of course, affect the country's external trade. To make the right decisions at the national level, it is necessary to analyze the situation and to be able to predict the future situation with regard to imports. The aim of the Master's Thesis is to analyze a structure and volume of Latvian imports and their historical dynamics; to make forecasts for Latvian import’s volume, which is based on expert opinions, the results of questionnaires and statistical methods; to draw conclusions and make proposals to the positive impact of imports on Latvian economy and improve forecasting methods to reach the highest affectivity of it. The research of the Master's Thesis shows that Latvian economical experts forecast that the rate of unemployment in the labour market is expected to increase during the 2010, and, hence, a negative trend in the import volumes is expected. The statistical researches show that the negative trend in the volume of imports will not be as strong as it was last year. And, thus stabilizing the labour market, possibly at the end of 2010, we can expect a positive trend in volume of Latvian imports. Each analysis separately gives subjective results, that is why such forecasts has no high level of confidence. An opinions of Latvian economical experts and results of statistical research harmonize in the results of questionnaire, which demonstrate the pessimistic consumer sentiment, which have a relationship with the reduction in purchasing power and, consequently, this also with the volume of imports decrease.