Taking the programming paradigm with the cycle invariant as a base notion there for a ground cycle paradigm, in a more general setting here these things are considered. Epistemological aspects with reference to Rene Descartes ...

In this article we consider the combinatorial map (rendered by permutations) approach to graphs on surfaces and how between both could be establish some terminological uniformity in favor of combinatorial maps in the way ...

We build unbounded classes of plane and projective plane multiwheels that are 4-critical that are received summing odd wheels as edge sums modulo two. These classes can be considered as ascending from a single common graph ...